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What is a dictionary?
A dictionary is a data structure in programming that stores a collection of key-value pairs. Each key in the dictionary is unique and is used to access its corresponding value. Dictionaries are also known as associative arrays, hash maps, or hash tables in other programming languages.
In a dictionary, the keys are typically strings or numbers, while the values can be of any data type, such as strings, numbers, lists, or even other dictionaries. The key-value pairs are stored together, allowing for efficient retrieval of values based on their associated keys.
Dictionaries are widely used in programming because they provide a fast and efficient way to store and retrieve data. They are particularly useful when you need to quickly look up values based on specific keys, rather than iterating through a list or an array.
In Python, dictionaries are denoted by curly braces `{}` and use a colon `:` to separate the key and value pairs. Here's an example of a dictionary in Python:
```python my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 25, "city": "New York"} ```
In this example, `"name"`, `"age"`, and `"city"` are the keys, and `"John"`, `25`, and `"New York"` are the corresponding values.
To access a value in a dictionary, you can use the key as an index. For example, `my_dict["name"]` would return `"John"`. If a key does not exist in the dictionary, it will raise a `KeyError` exception.
Dictionaries are mutable, meaning you can add, modify, or remove key-value pairs after the dictionary is created. This flexibility makes dictionaries a powerful tool for organizing and manipulating data in programming.


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