Question

Учебное сообщение на тему словообразовательные морфемы

Answer 1

Морфема –  минимальная часть слова. Она не делится на мелкие значимые части. Слова строятся из морфем, значения морфем при этом являются компонентами общего значения слова. Морфемы разделяют на словообразовательные и словоизменительные (формообразующие). 
  Словообразовательные морфемы служат для образования слов и помогают выразить лексическое значение слова. 
  Словоизменительные (формообразующие) морфемы нужны для образования форм изменяемых слов и выражают грамматическое значение слов.

Answer 2

Word-Forming Morphemes

Word-forming morphemes are the smallest meaningful units that can be added to a word to create new words or change the meaning of existing words. These morphemes can be prefixes, suffixes, or infixes. Let's explore each type in more detail:

1. Prefixes: Prefixes are morphemes that are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning or create a new word. They can be derived from different languages and have various functions. Some common examples of prefixes include:

- Un-: This prefix is used to indicate the opposite or negation of a word. For example, "happy" becomes "unhappy" when the prefix "un-" is added. - Re-: This prefix is used to indicate repetition or backtracking. For example, "do" becomes "redo" when the prefix "re-" is added. - Pre-: This prefix is used to indicate something that comes before or prior to something else. For example, "view" becomes "preview" when the prefix "pre-" is added.

2. Suffixes: Suffixes are morphemes that are added to the end of a word to change its meaning or create a new word. Like prefixes, suffixes can also be derived from different languages and serve various purposes. Some common examples of suffixes include:

- -s/-es: This suffix is used to indicate plural forms of nouns. For example, "cat" becomes "cats" when the suffix "-s" is added. - -ed: This suffix is used to indicate the past tense of verbs. For example, "walk" becomes "walked" when the suffix "-ed" is added. - -ing: This suffix is used to indicate the present participle form of verbs or to create gerunds. For example, "run" becomes "running" when the suffix "-ing" is added.

3. Infixes: Infixes are morphemes that are inserted within a word to create a new word or change its meaning. Unlike prefixes and suffixes, infixes are not commonly used in English. However, they are more prevalent in other languages, such as Tagalog and Malay. An example of an infix in Tagalog is the word "umabot" (to reach), where the infix "-um-" is inserted between the root word "abot" (reach).

Note: In English, infixes are not commonly used, and most word formation occurs through the use of prefixes and suffixes.

Conclusion

Word-forming morphemes, including prefixes, suffixes, and occasionally infixes, play a crucial role in expanding the vocabulary and creating new words in a language. By understanding the function and meaning of these morphemes, we can better comprehend and use words in various contexts.

I hope this explanation helps! If you have any further questions, feel free to ask.