Question

Дана функция спроса и функция предложения на товар X соответственно: QDx= 12 - P; QSx= -3 + Р. Правительство ввело дотацию в размере 3 руб. за изделие, получаемую продавцом. Найти равновесные цены покупателя и продавца с учетом дотации. помогите пожалуйста,

Answer 1

Решение:

После введения дотаций, получаемую продавцом, функция предложения будет выглядеть:

Qs = - 3 + (P – 3)

12 – P = - 3 + (P – 3)

12 – Р = -3 +Р - 3

18 = 2Р

Р = 9 – новая равновесная цена

ИЛИ

Правительство ввело потоварную дотацию на каждую проданную единицу товара в размере 3 руб.
Сдвиг кривой предложения вправо. Субсидирование всегда сопровождается чистыми потерями для общества.
Новая функция предложения: 

Qs = -3 + (P + 3)
12 -P = -3 + (P + 3)
2P = 12
Pсубс.равн = 6 - новая равновесная цена.

Answer 2

Equilibrium Prices with Subsidy

To find the equilibrium prices for the buyer and seller with the subsidy, we need to consider the demand and supply functions along with the subsidy amount.

The given demand function is: QDx = 12 - P The given supply function is: QSx = -3 + Р

Let's calculate the equilibrium prices for the buyer and seller with the subsidy.

Equilibrium Price for the Buyer

The equilibrium price for the buyer is the price at which the quantity demanded (QDx) equals the quantity supplied (QSx). In other words, it is the price at which the demand and supply curves intersect.

To find the equilibrium price for the buyer, we set QDx equal to QSx and solve for P:

12 - P = -3 + Р

Simplifying the equation, we get:

P = 15

Therefore, the equilibrium price for the buyer is 15 rubles.

Equilibrium Price for the Seller

To find the equilibrium price for the seller, we need to consider the effect of the subsidy. A subsidy is an amount of money given to the seller, which reduces their cost of production.

In this case, the government has introduced a subsidy of 3 rubles per unit of the product. This means that the effective cost for the seller is reduced by 3 rubles.

To find the equilibrium price for the seller, we subtract the subsidy amount from the equilibrium price for the buyer:

Equilibrium Price for the Seller = Equilibrium Price for the Buyer - Subsidy Amount

Equilibrium Price for the Seller = 15 - 3 = 12 rubles

Therefore, the equilibrium price for the seller, taking into account the subsidy, is 12 rubles.

Summary

In summary, the equilibrium price for the buyer is 15 rubles, and the equilibrium price for the seller, considering the subsidy, is 12 rubles.

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