Question

СРОЧНО!!! Как разобраться в теме страдательный залог по немецкому языку?) 

Answer 1

Страдательный залог (Passiv) очень популярен в немецком языке и часто используется в тех случаях,когда нужно подчеркнуть само действие (сам деятель или опускается или указывается с помощью предлога von),в русско яз.-это тоже,что и неопределённо-личные предложения.
Например:
Das Auto wird repariert.Машина ремонтируется (кем-то).(Машину ремонтируют).
Das Auеo wird vom Mechaniker repariert.Машина ремонтируется механиком.(Машину ремонтирует механик).

Answer 2

Understanding the Passive Voice in German

The passive voice, or "starker Passiv" in German, is a grammatical construction used to emphasize the object of a sentence rather than the subject. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action, while the agent or doer of the action is either omitted or mentioned with the preposition "von" (by).

To understand the passive voice in German, it is important to be familiar with the basic sentence structure and the conjugation of verbs. In German, the word order is typically Subject-Verb-Object (SVO), but in the passive voice, it changes to Object-Verb-Subject (OVS).

Forming the Passive Voice in German

To form the passive voice in German, you need to conjugate the auxiliary verb "werden" (to be) and use the past participle of the main verb. Here is the general formula:

Subject (receiver of the action) + werden (conjugated) + past participle of the main verb + optional agent (with "von")

Let's look at an example using the verb "bauen" (to build):

Active Voice: Der Architekt baut das Haus. (The architect builds the house.) Passive Voice: Das Haus wird vom Architekten gebaut. (The house is built by the architect.)

In the passive voice example, "Das Haus" (the house) becomes the subject, "wird" is the conjugated form of "werden," "vom Architekten" (by the architect) is the optional agent, and "gebaut" is the past participle of "bauen."

Conjugation of "werden" in the Passive Voice

The auxiliary verb "werden" is conjugated according to the subject of the sentence. Here is the conjugation in the present tense:

- Ich werde (I am) - Du wirst (You are) - Er/sie/es wird (He/she/it is) - Wir werden (We are) - Ihr werdet (You are) - Sie werden (They are)

The conjugated form of "werden" is placed before the past participle of the main verb to form the passive voice.

Using the Passive Voice in German

The passive voice is commonly used in German to focus on the object or to express a lack of knowledge about the doer of the action. It is often used in formal writing, news reports, and scientific texts. Here are some situations where the passive voice is used:

1. When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant: - Das Buch wurde gestern gekauft. (The book was bought yesterday.)

2. When the object of the action is more important than the subject: - Die Brücke wurde von einem berühmten Architekten entworfen. (The bridge was designed by a famous architect.)

3. When describing processes or actions in a general sense: - Hier wird Deutsch gesprochen. (German is spoken here.)

4. When reporting events or actions in the news: - Der Dieb wurde von der Polizei gefasst. (The thief was caught by the police.)

Conclusion

Understanding the passive voice in German involves knowing the basic sentence structure, conjugating the auxiliary verb "werden," and using the past participle of the main verb. The passive voice is used to emphasize the object of the sentence and is commonly used in formal writing, news reports, and scientific texts. Practice forming passive sentences using different verbs to become more comfortable with this grammatical construction.