Question

Рефлексы, за работу которых отвечает спинной мозг.

Answer 1

Reflexes controlled by the spinal cord

The spinal cord plays a crucial role in coordinating and controlling various reflexes in the body. Reflexes are involuntary responses to certain stimuli that help protect the body and maintain its balance. Here are some reflexes for which the spinal cord is responsible:

1. Withdrawal reflex: This reflex is responsible for quickly removing a body part from a harmful or painful stimulus. For example, if you accidentally touch a hot surface, the withdrawal reflex will cause you to pull your hand away to avoid further injury.

2. Stretch reflex: The stretch reflex is responsible for maintaining muscle tone and preventing overstretching of muscles. When a muscle is stretched, sensory receptors in the muscle send signals to the spinal cord, which then triggers a reflex contraction of the muscle to prevent excessive stretching.

3. Crossed extensor reflex: This reflex is involved in maintaining balance and stability. When one leg is lifted off the ground, the crossed extensor reflex causes the opposite leg to extend and support the body's weight, preventing a loss of balance.

4. Tendon reflex: The tendon reflex, also known as the Golgi tendon reflex, is responsible for protecting muscles and tendons from excessive tension. When the tension in a muscle or tendon becomes too high, sensory receptors in the tendon send signals to the spinal cord, which then causes the muscle to relax and reduce tension.

5. Babinski reflex: The Babinski reflex is a normal reflex in infants but should disappear as they grow older. It involves the extension of the big toe and fanning out of the other toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. The presence of the Babinski reflex in adults may indicate a neurological disorder.

These are just a few examples of the reflexes controlled by the spinal cord. The spinal cord acts as a relay center, receiving sensory information from the body and sending motor commands back to the muscles to produce appropriate responses.