Question

Как делают бумагу ответе пожалуйста

Answer 1

Бумагу добывают из дерева ._.
притом ещё и перерабатывают.

Answer 2

How is paper made?

Paper is made through a process called papermaking, which involves several steps. Here is a detailed explanation of how paper is made:

1. Raw Materials: The first step in papermaking is gathering the raw materials. The primary raw material used in paper production is wood pulp, which is obtained from trees. Other materials, such as recycled paper, cotton, or agricultural fibers, can also be used.

2. Preparation of Pulp: The raw materials are then processed to create pulp. Wood pulp is typically produced by mechanically or chemically breaking down the wood fibers. Mechanical pulping involves grinding the wood chips and separating the fibers, while chemical pulping involves treating the wood chips with chemicals to dissolve the lignin and separate the fibers.

3. Cleaning and Refining: The pulp is then cleaned to remove impurities like dirt, bark, and other debris. It may also go through a refining process to improve the quality and strength of the fibers.

4. Paper Formation: The cleaned and refined pulp is mixed with water to create a slurry. This slurry is then poured onto a wire mesh screen, forming a thin layer of fibers. As the water drains through the screen, the fibers begin to bond together, forming a sheet of wet paper.

5. Pressing: The wet paper sheet is then passed through a series of rollers to remove excess water and compress the fibers. This process helps to increase the density and smoothness of the paper.

6. Drying: After pressing, the paper is dried using various methods. It can be air-dried, where the paper is hung or laid flat to dry naturally. Alternatively, it can be dried using heated rollers or by passing it through a drying chamber.

7. Finishing: Once the paper is dry, it goes through additional processes to enhance its properties. This may include calendering, where the paper is passed through smooth rollers to improve its smoothness and glossiness. It can also undergo coating or sizing processes to make it more resistant to water or improve its printability.

8. Cutting and Packaging: Finally, the paper is cut into the desired sizes and packaged for distribution and sale.

It's important to note that the papermaking process can vary depending on the type of paper being produced and the specific requirements of the manufacturer. Different additives, treatments, and processes may be used to achieve desired characteristics in the final product.