Question

Среди древних фольклорных песен известны заклинательные,в которых желаемое изображалось как действительное.На Троицу,в начале лета,крестьяне пели,представляя осеннее поле: Тут рожь густа, Умолотиста,уколотиста: С одного колоска Умолотишь три мешка Пахарь в стихотворении А.В.Кольцова вышел в поле только пахать и боронить,а в песне описывает всю жизнь хлебного поля-от всходов до жатвы.Почему он поёт свою песню в начале полевых работ?

Answer 1

Жизнь пахаря была очень тяжела. Начиная от вспашки поля и заканчивая сбором урожая, пахарю приходилось проводить за тяжким трудом время от ранней весны до начала зимы. И в этих непрестанных трудах и заботах он ожидал помощи от самой природы, просил удачи и защиты у высших сил.

Когда пахарь в начале полевых работ в песне описывает всю жизнь хлебного поля, он призывает мистические силы сделать всё по его слову, пожеланию, требованию. Это подчеркивает глубокую внутреннюю связь человека-земледельца с родной землей, их общий труд,  желание пахаря сделать всю природу соучастницей той радости, которую он испытывает, видя успешный результат своей работы.

Answer 2

Folklore Songs and their Depiction of Desired Reality

Among ancient folklore songs, there are known incantations in which the desired outcome is portrayed as real. These songs often served as a way for people to express their hopes and aspirations. One example of such a song is the one sung by peasants on Trinity Day, at the beginning of summer, where they would imagine the autumn field. The lyrics of the song depict a bountiful harvest, with the wheat being described as thick, well-threshed, and abundant. The song suggests that from a single ear of wheat, one can thresh three sacks of grain.

In the poem "The Plowman" by A.V. Koltsov, the protagonist goes to the field to plow and harrow, but in the song, he describes the entire life cycle of a wheat field, from sowing to harvesting. The reason why he sings this song at the beginning of field work can be attributed to several factors:

1. Symbolic Representation: The song serves as a symbolic representation of the hopes and dreams associated with the upcoming agricultural season. By singing about the entire life cycle of the wheat field, the plowman expresses his anticipation and optimism for a successful harvest. 2. Motivation and Inspiration: Singing the song at the start of field work can serve as a source of motivation and inspiration for the plowman and other workers. It sets a positive tone and instills a sense of purpose and determination in their work. 3. Connection to Tradition: Singing songs related to agricultural activities at specific times of the year, such as Trinity Day, is often a part of cultural traditions and rituals. It helps to establish a connection to the land, nature, and the cycles of life.

It is important to note that folklore songs often carry deep cultural and historical significance, reflecting the values, beliefs, and aspirations of the communities that sing them. The act of singing such songs at the beginning of field work can be seen as a way to invoke positive energy, express gratitude for the land's fertility, and set the tone for a productive agricultural season.