Question

Прочитайте драму Ф. Шиллера "Разбойники". Подумайте, какими способами автор изображает человека в драматическом произведении?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Драма Шиллера «Разбойники» закончена в 1781 г. Шиллер только окончил курс Военной академии в Штудгарте, а драму написал, ещё обучаясь в ней. Молодому писателю пришлось издавать драму за свой счёт, потому что ни один издатель в Штудгарте не захотел её печатать.

Тематика драмы – вражда и ненависть между близкими людьми, способная убивать; ответственность человека за свой выбор и свои поступки, за моральные обязательства.

Основную мысль произносит священник: нет большего греха, чем отцеубийство и братоубийство. Ему вторит Карл в финале: «О, я глупец, мечтавший исправить свет злодеяниями и блюсти законы беззакониями!»

В предисловии Шиллер признаётся, что его цель как драматурга – «подсмотреть самые сокровенные движения души». Проблемы, поднимаемые в драме - человеческие страсти: месть и предательство, клевета старшего сына, горе обманутого отца, выбор Амалии, верность разбойников и Карла слову.

Социальные проблемы связаны с всевластием феодалов (история Косинского, чья возлюбленная стала любовницей князя, а тот отнял земли Косинского и отдал их министру). Один из эпиграфов драмы – «На тиранов».

Женщины в драме делают выбор между честью и любовью. Амалия (невеста Косинского) выбирает любовь (при этом теряя своего возлюбленного). А свою Амалию Карл избавляет от такого выбора, вернувшись вовремя домой.

Объяснение:

Answer 2

The Portrayal of Human Nature in Friedrich Schiller's "The Robbers"

In Friedrich Schiller's drama "The Robbers," the author explores various aspects of human nature through the portrayal of different characters and their actions. Schiller employs several methods to depict human beings in this dramatic work.

1. Characterization: Schiller uses characterization to present a diverse range of personalities and motivations among the characters in "The Robbers." Each character represents a different aspect of human nature, allowing the audience to observe and reflect on various traits and behaviors.

For example, the protagonist Karl Moor embodies the conflict between good and evil within a single individual. He is torn between his desire for justice and his descent into criminality. This internal struggle highlights the complexity of human nature and the potential for both noble and destructive actions.

2. Dialogue: Through dialogue, Schiller reveals the thoughts, emotions, and motivations of the characters, providing insight into their inner worlds. The conversations between characters in "The Robbers" expose their conflicting beliefs, desires, and values, shedding light on the complexities of human nature.

For instance, the dialogues between Karl Moor and his father, Count Moor, illustrate the generational divide and the clash between traditional values and the desire for freedom and independence. These exchanges explore the tensions that arise from differing perspectives and shed light on the multifaceted nature of human beings.

3. Actions and Choices: Schiller uses the actions and choices of the characters to depict human nature. The decisions made by the characters in "The Robbers" reflect their values, desires, and moral compasses. These actions serve as a means to explore the consequences of human behavior and the impact of individual choices.

For example, Karl Moor's decision to become a robber is driven by his sense of injustice and his desire to challenge the oppressive social order. This choice not only reveals his rebellious nature but also raises questions about the limits of individual agency and the consequences of pursuing justice through unlawful means.

4. Conflict and Relationships: The conflicts and relationships between characters in "The Robbers" provide further insight into human nature. The tensions, rivalries, and alliances that emerge throughout the play highlight the complexities of human interactions and the impact they have on individual behavior.

The rivalry between Karl Moor and his brother, Franz, for example, showcases the destructive power of envy and the lengths to which individuals may go to gain power and control. This conflict exposes the darker aspects of human nature, such as greed and betrayal.

In conclusion, Friedrich Schiller employs various methods to portray human nature in his drama "The Robbers." Through characterization, dialogue, actions and choices, and conflicts and relationships, Schiller explores the multifaceted aspects of human beings, their motivations, and the consequences of their actions. By delving into the complexities of human nature, Schiller invites the audience to reflect on their own beliefs, values, and behaviors.