Question

Айна біздің дәуірімізден үш мың жыл бұрын шыққан. Ең алғашкы айнаны ХVІ ғасырда итальян шебері жасаған.1600 жылы Франция королі Мария Медичиге сыйға тартылған айнаның бағасы жүз елу мың алтын франк болған. Оның үлкендігі казіргі сіріңке қорабындай екен.Ресейдегі алғашқы айна зауытын Мәскеу түбіндегі Воробьев тауына І Петр салдырыпты.ЭнциклопедияданПОЖАЛУЙСТА ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ МОЖНО НЕ ДОСЛОВНО!!!

Answer 1

Херкало было создано 3 тыс. лет до н.э самое первое зеркало создал итальянский мастер в XVI веке. Подаренное французскому королю Мария Медиче зеркало стоило 150 тыс. золотых франков. Размером оно было со спичечный коробой. В Росии первый завод по производству зеркал был построен в Подмосковье на Воробьиных горах по приказу Петра I.

Answer 2

The Origin of Eyeglasses

Eyeglasses, also known as spectacles, have a long history that dates back to the 13th century. The first known mention of eyeglasses can be traced back to the 1280s in Italy. It is believed that the invention of eyeglasses was a result of the work of an Italian monk named Friar Alessandro della Spina. However, there is some debate among historians about the exact origins of eyeglasses.

According to some sources, eyeglasses were first developed in Italy by craftsmen who specialized in making lenses for scientific instruments. These craftsmen began experimenting with lenses that could be used to correct vision problems. The earliest eyeglasses were made by placing two lenses in a frame and holding them in front of the eyes.

Eyeglasses in the 16th Century

During the 16th century, eyeglasses became more widely used and began to be produced on a larger scale. In France, eyeglasses were highly valued and considered a luxury item. In 1600, the French queen consort, Marie de' Medici, was presented with a pair of eyeglasses as a gift. The value of these glasses was said to be 100,000 gold francs, which was a significant sum of money at the time.

Eyeglasses in the 16th century were often made with frames made of precious metals, such as gold or silver. The lenses were typically made of glass and were ground by hand to correct specific vision problems. The production of eyeglasses during this time was still a relatively small-scale industry, and the cost of eyeglasses remained high.

Eyeglasses in Russia

The first known mention of eyeglasses in Russia dates back to the 17th century. According to historical records, the first eyeglasses in Russia were brought to Moscow in 1688 by a German craftsman named Johann Christoph Schreiber. Schreiber was invited to Russia by Tsar Peter the Great to establish a glass factory in Moscow.

The introduction of eyeglasses in Russia was part of Peter the Great's efforts to modernize the country and bring European technology and knowledge to Russia. The establishment of the glass factory in Moscow played a significant role in the development of the eyeglass industry in Russia.

Conclusion

In conclusion, eyeglasses have a long history that dates back to the 13th century. The exact origins of eyeglasses are still debated among historians, but it is believed that they were first developed in Italy. During the 16th century, eyeglasses became more widely used and were considered a luxury item. In Russia, eyeglasses were introduced in the 17th century as part of Peter the Great's efforts to modernize the country.