Question

Мәтіннен сын есімдерді теріп жазыңыз, олардың түрлерін ажыратыңыз. Ұлы Жібек жолы десе көз алдыңа күн астында күйіп тұрған алып шөл далалар, аяғы көрінбейтін қымбат жүктері бар керуендер, мыңдаған шақырым жол жүріп өткен саудагерлер, алдындағы мақсатына жету үшін шөлдаладан да өтуге дайын көпестер елестейді. Жол барысында жаңа қалалар пайда болып, ескілерінің тас талқаны шықты. Ұзындығы 12 мың шақырым болатын Ұлы Жібек жолының сауда керуендерінің бір бағыты Қазақстанның оңтүстік аумағы арқылы өткен. Керуендер өтетін шаң басқан жолдар арқылы қымбат маталар, асыл тастар, алтын мен күмістен жасалған заттар, экзотикалық жануарлар тасымалданды. Ұлы Жібек жолы Шығыс пен Батысты байланыстырып, қалалардың тіпті жаңа мемлекеттердің пайда болуына өзіндік септігін тигізген. Талай тарихи орындардың әлемге танылуына әсер болған, теңдесі жоқ сауда маршруты. Оны сауда жолы ғана емес, екі алпауыт цивилизация арасындағы мәдени экономикалық көпір деп айтуға толық негіз бар. Жібек жолының тарихы біздің заманымызға дейін 138 жылдан бастау алады. Сол жылы Қытай императоры Батыс жаққа сауда жасайтын серіктестерді іздеу үшін арнайы дипломатиялық керуенді жіберген болатын. Оған қатысқандар Қытайдан Орталық Азияға тікелей жүріп өткен.

Answer 1

Ответ:

ұлы, қымбат,жаңа, асыл, алтын, мәдени, толық, арнайы.

Answer 2

The Great Silk Road

The Great Silk Road, also known as the Silk Route, was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and the West. It played a significant role in the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between different civilizations for over 1,300 years. The Silk Road was not a single road but rather a complex network of land and sea routes that spanned across Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Origins and Development

The origins of the Silk Road can be traced back to the Han Dynasty in China, around the 2nd century BCE. The Chinese were interested in expanding their trade and establishing diplomatic relations with other regions, which led to the opening of the Silk Road. The name "Silk Road" comes from the lucrative trade in silk, which was highly valued in the West.

Over time, the Silk Road expanded and evolved, with various routes and branches being established. The main land routes of the Silk Road passed through Central Asia, including present-day Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kyrgyzstan. These routes connected China with the Mediterranean region, including Persia (Iran), India, and the Roman Empire.

Trade and Exchange

The Silk Road was not only a route for the trade of silk but also facilitated the exchange of a wide range of goods and commodities. Some of the key items traded along the Silk Road included:

1. Silk: Chinese silk was highly sought after in the West and became one of the most important commodities traded along the route. 2. Spices: Spices such as cinnamon, pepper, and cloves were in high demand in Europe and were brought from India and Southeast Asia. 3. Precious Metals: Gold, silver, and other precious metals were traded along the Silk Road, often in the form of coins or bullion. 4. Gemstones: Precious and semi-precious gemstones, including jade, pearls, and turquoise, were highly valued and traded. 5. Textiles: Besides silk, other textiles such as cotton, wool, and linen were also exchanged. 6. Porcelain and Pottery: Chinese porcelain and pottery were highly prized and exported to various regions. 7. Medicinal Herbs: Various medicinal herbs and plants were traded for their healing properties. 8. Ideas and Knowledge: Along with goods, the Silk Road facilitated the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and cultural practices between different civilizations.

Cultural Exchange and Impact

The Silk Road was not just a trade route but also a conduit for the exchange of ideas, religions, and cultures. It played a crucial role in the spread of Buddhism, Islam, and other religions across Asia. Along the Silk Road, travelers, merchants, and scholars from different regions interacted, leading to the exchange of knowledge, languages, and artistic influences.

The Silk Road also had a significant impact on the development of various civilizations and empires. It facilitated the growth of cities and trade centers along its route, leading to the rise of prosperous urban centers. It also contributed to the development of new technologies, such as papermaking, printing, and compass navigation, which were later adopted by different societies.

Decline and Legacy

The decline of the Silk Road began in the 14th century with the rise of maritime trade routes and the decline of the Mongol Empire. The discovery of sea routes, such as the voyages of Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama, made maritime trade more efficient and less risky. Additionally, political instability, conflicts, and the spread of diseases, such as the Black Death, also contributed to the decline of the Silk Road.

However, the legacy of the Silk Road continues to resonate in the modern world. It left a lasting impact on the cultural, economic, and social development of the regions it connected. Today, the Silk Road is recognized as a symbol of cultural exchange and cooperation between different civilizations.

Conclusion

The Great Silk Road was a vast network of trade routes that connected the East and the West for over a millennium. It facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between different civilizations, leaving a lasting impact on the regions it traversed. The Silk Road played a crucial role in the development of various societies and continues to be celebrated as a symbol of cultural exchange and cooperation.