Question

Как возникла первая еврейское государство?

Answer 1

The Origins of the First Jewish State

The establishment of the first Jewish state can be traced back to ancient times. The history of the Jewish people is deeply intertwined with the land of Israel, which holds great religious and historical significance for them. Here is a brief overview of the origins of the first Jewish state:

Ancient Israel: - The ancient Israelites, who were descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, settled in the land of Canaan (modern-day Israel) around 1200 BCE. - They established a kingdom under King Saul, followed by King David and King Solomon, known as the United Monarchy. - The United Monarchy reached its peak during King Solomon's reign, with Jerusalem as its capital and the construction of the First Temple. - After Solomon's death, the kingdom split into two: the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah.

Babylonian Exile: - In 586 BCE, the Babylonians, under King Nebuchadnezzar II, conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the First Temple. - Many Jews were taken into exile in Babylon, marking the beginning of the Babylonian Exile, which lasted for about 70 years. - During this time, the Jews maintained their religious and cultural identity, and their longing for the land of Israel grew stronger.

Return from Exile: - In 538 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus the Great issued a decree allowing the Jews to return to their homeland and rebuild the Temple. - This marked the beginning of the Second Temple period, during which the Jews rebuilt the Temple in Jerusalem. - However, the Jewish state remained under the control of various foreign powers, including the Persians, Greeks, and Romans.

Roman Rule and Jewish Revolts: - In 63 BCE, the Roman general Pompey conquered Jerusalem, bringing the land of Israel under Roman rule. - The Jews faced increasing oppression and restrictions under Roman rule, leading to several Jewish revolts against Roman authority. - The most significant of these revolts was the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 CE), which resulted in the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.

Modern Jewish State: - The establishment of a modern Jewish state in the land of Israel took place in the 20th century. - The Zionist movement, which sought to establish a Jewish homeland, gained momentum in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. - In 1947, the United Nations approved a plan to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. - On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was officially declared, and it was recognized by many countries around the world.

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