Question

Почему для тоталитарных режимов характерен так называемый 《большой стиль 》?

Answer 1

Потому что "большой стиль" характеризуется тяготением к псевдореалистическим, эпичным формам, к пышности, демонстративному оптимизму. 

Answer 2

Totalitarian Regimes and the "Grand Style"

Totalitarian regimes are characterized by their complete control over all aspects of society, including politics, economy, culture, and even individuals' thoughts and beliefs. These regimes aim to establish a single, all-encompassing ideology and maintain absolute power over the population. One aspect often associated with totalitarian regimes is the so-called "grand style."

The term "grand style" refers to the extravagant and monumental architectural and artistic expressions that were favored by many totalitarian regimes. These regimes sought to create a sense of awe, power, and permanence through their visual representations. The grand style was often characterized by massive buildings, imposing monuments, and grandiose public spaces.

Reasons for the Grand Style in Totalitarian Regimes

There are several reasons why the grand style became prevalent in totalitarian regimes:

1. Propaganda and Symbolism: Totalitarian regimes used the grand style as a tool for propaganda and symbolism. The monumental architecture and artwork were intended to convey the regime's power, strength, and superiority. These grand structures served as visual representations of the regime's ideology and were meant to inspire awe and loyalty among the population.

2. Cult of Personality: Many totalitarian regimes were centered around a charismatic leader who was elevated to almost god-like status. The grand style was used to reinforce the cult of personality surrounding these leaders. Monuments and statues were erected in their honor, showcasing their importance and authority.

3. Control and Intimidation: The grand style also served as a means of control and intimidation. The massive and imposing architecture created a sense of dominance and control over the population. It reminded people of the regime's power and authority, discouraging dissent and resistance.

4. Legacy and Permanence: Totalitarian regimes often aimed to create a lasting legacy. The grand style was a way to leave a lasting mark on the physical landscape and shape the collective memory of the population. By constructing monumental buildings and structures, these regimes sought to create a sense of permanence and immortality.

Examples of the Grand Style in Totalitarian Regimes

Several totalitarian regimes throughout history have embraced the grand style:

1. Nazi Germany: Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime in Germany is a notable example of the grand style. The regime commissioned massive buildings and monuments, such as the Reichstag building and the Zeppelin Field in Nuremberg, to showcase its power and ideology.

2. Soviet Union: The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin also embraced the grand style. Stalinist architecture featured monumental buildings, such as the Palace of the Soviets and the Seven Sisters skyscrapers in Moscow, which aimed to convey the regime's strength and modernity.

3. Fascist Italy: Benito Mussolini's fascist regime in Italy also favored the grand style. The regime commissioned grandiose buildings, such as the Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana in Rome, to project an image of power and prestige.

Conclusion

The grand style is often associated with totalitarian regimes due to its use as a tool for propaganda, symbolism, control, and legacy. The monumental architecture and artwork of these regimes aimed to convey power, intimidate the population, and leave a lasting mark on the physical landscape. Examples of the grand style can be seen in Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union under Stalin, and fascist Italy under Mussolini.