Question

Александр 2 меры ,предпринятые Александром 2для смягчения политического режима в стране

Answer 1

Отменил крепостное право                                                                                                                                                            

Answer 2

Measures taken by Alexander II to soften the political regime in Russia

Alexander II, also known as Alexander the Liberator, was the Emperor of Russia from 1855 to 1881. During his reign, he implemented several measures aimed at modernizing and liberalizing the country. These measures were intended to address the social and political challenges faced by Russia at the time. Here are some of the key measures taken by Alexander II to soften the political regime in the country:

1. Emancipation of the Serfs: One of the most significant reforms introduced by Alexander II was the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. This reform abolished the institution of serfdom, granting personal freedom to millions of peasants who were previously bound to the land and owned by the nobility. The serfs were granted the right to own property, marry freely, and pursue education and careers of their choice. However, the implementation of this reform was not without challenges, and the serfs still faced many economic and social difficulties after their emancipation. 2. Judicial Reforms: Alexander II implemented significant judicial reforms aimed at improving the legal system and ensuring greater fairness and transparency. These reforms included the establishment of trial by jury, the introduction of a system of professional judges, and the creation of a network of local courts. The reforms also aimed to limit the power of the nobility and increase the independence of the judiciary. 3. Military Reforms: Alexander II implemented military reforms to modernize and strengthen the Russian army. These reforms included the reduction of military service from 25 to 15 years, the introduction of universal conscription, and the establishment of a reserve army. These measures aimed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the military and increase the loyalty of the soldiers to the state. 4. Educational Reforms: Alexander II introduced educational reforms to expand access to education and promote literacy in Russia. These reforms included the establishment of primary schools in rural areas, the expansion of secondary education, and the creation of universities. The reforms aimed to provide the population with the necessary skills and knowledge to contribute to the modernization of the country. 5. Local Government Reforms: Alexander II implemented local government reforms aimed at decentralizing power and increasing the participation of the population in decision-making processes. These reforms included the establishment of elected local assemblies (zemstvos) that were responsible for local administration and the provision of public services. The zemstvos played a significant role in addressing local issues and improving the living conditions of the population. It is important to note that while these reforms were significant, they did not fully transform Russia into a liberal democracy. The political regime remained autocratic, and the reforms were implemented within the framework of maintaining the authority of the monarchy. Nevertheless, these measures taken by Alexander II represented important steps towards modernization and the softening of the political regime in Russia.

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