Question

Письменность египтян пж

Answer 1

Иероглифы
,дааааааааааааааааа

Answer 2

Египетская письменность составлялась из определенного набора знаков, передающих звуки произносимых слов, символов и стилизованных рисунков, поясняющих смысл данных слов и понятий. Такие письменные знаки получили название иероглифов, а египетская письменность — иероглифики. К середине II тысячелетия до н. э. наиболее употребительных иероглифов насчитывалось около 700, а в греко-римскую эпоху — несколько тысяч. Благодаря органическому сочетанию знаков, обозначающих слоги, идеограмм, поясняющих смысл слова, и детерминативов-рисунков, как бы окончательно проясняющих понятие в целом, египтянам удавалось точно и ясно передавать не только простые факты действительности и хозяйства, но и сложные оттенки отвлеченной мысли или художественного образа.

Answer 3

Egyptian Writing System

The ancient Egyptians had one of the earliest writing systems in the world. Their writing system, known as hieroglyphics, was a complex combination of pictorial symbols and phonetic signs. It was used for religious texts, administrative records, and monumental inscriptions.

Hieroglyphics: - Hieroglyphics were a system of writing that used pictorial symbols to represent words and sounds. - The word "hieroglyphics" comes from the Greek words "hieros" meaning "sacred" and "glyphein" meaning "to carve." - Hieroglyphics were primarily used for monumental inscriptions, such as those found on temples and tombs, but they were also used in everyday writing. - The symbols were often arranged in rows or columns, and they could be read from left to right or right to left, depending on the direction in which the symbols faced. - The writing system was highly flexible and could be adapted to different materials and surfaces, including papyrus, stone, and wood.

Decipherment: - The decipherment of hieroglyphics was a major breakthrough in understanding ancient Egyptian culture and history. - The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799, played a crucial role in the decipherment of hieroglyphics. It contained a decree issued by King Ptolemy V in three scripts: hieroglyphics, demotic (a simplified script used for everyday writing), and Greek. - The French scholar Jean-François Champollion successfully deciphered the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone in 1822, using the Greek text as a key. - Champollion's work paved the way for the translation of many other ancient Egyptian texts and opened up a wealth of knowledge about ancient Egyptian civilization.

Evolution of Egyptian Writing: - The Egyptian writing system evolved over time. Initially, it consisted of simple pictorial symbols that represented objects or ideas. - As the system developed, the Egyptians began to use phonetic signs to represent sounds. These signs allowed for a more flexible and expressive form of writing. - The hieroglyphic script eventually gave rise to two other scripts: hieratic and demotic. Hieratic was a cursive script used for everyday writing, while demotic was a simplified script used for administrative and legal documents. - The use of hieroglyphics declined after the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BCE, and the script eventually fell out of use.

Conclusion: The Egyptian writing system, known as hieroglyphics, was a complex combination of pictorial symbols and phonetic signs. It played a crucial role in the recording of ancient Egyptian history, religion, and administration. The decipherment of hieroglyphics has provided valuable insights into the culture and civilization of ancient Egypt.