Question

Определите, какие факторы повлияли на процесс урбанизации в Казахстане в годы индустриализации.

Answer 1

1)увеличение численности населения
2)опережающий рост городского населения перед сельским
3)Этнодемографический фактор

Answer 2

Factors Influencing Urbanization in Kazakhstan during Industrialization

Urbanization is the process of population migration from rural areas to urban centers, resulting in the growth and development of cities. In the case of Kazakhstan during the period of industrialization, several factors played a significant role in influencing the process of urbanization. These factors include:

1. Industrial Development: The rapid industrialization of Kazakhstan during the Soviet era led to the establishment of numerous industrial enterprises and factories. This created job opportunities and attracted people from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment and better living conditions.

2. Economic Opportunities: The industrialization process in Kazakhstan brought about economic growth and the expansion of various sectors, such as manufacturing, mining, and energy. These sectors provided employment opportunities and attracted people to urban areas in search of better economic prospects.

3. Infrastructure Development: The government invested in the development of urban infrastructure, including transportation networks, housing, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions. The improvement in infrastructure made urban areas more attractive for people seeking better living standards.

4. Migration Policies: The Soviet government implemented policies that encouraged the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers. These policies aimed to support industrialization and the development of urban areas by providing incentives and benefits to those who relocated.

5. Social Services: Urban areas offered better access to social services such as healthcare, education, and cultural amenities. This attracted people seeking improved access to these services, leading to the growth of urban centers.

6. Technological Advancements: The industrialization process brought technological advancements, which increased productivity and efficiency in various sectors. This, in turn, created a demand for skilled labor, attracting people to urban areas where these skills were in demand.

7. Government Initiatives: The government played a crucial role in promoting urbanization during the industrialization period. It implemented policies and programs to support urban development, including the construction of new cities and the improvement of existing urban centers.

It is important to note that these factors are not exhaustive, and other socio-economic and political factors may have also influenced the process of urbanization in Kazakhstan during the period of industrialization.