Question

Ход и итоги революции в Англии

Answer 1

Смотря в каком году,но отвечу....

ход революции:  1640-1642 - становление революции.

1642-1647 - война между королем и парламентом

1648-1649 - объявление Англии республикой

1649-1653 -  конституция и политика Английской республики

1653-1659 - протекторат Кромвеля

1659-1660 - восстановление монархии

итоги:,..........................

Answer 2

Английская буржуазная революция ХVII века — первая социальная революция европейского масштаба, провозгласившая принципы нового, буржуазного общества, сделавшая необратимым процесс становления буржуазных общественно-политических порядков на Европейском континенте при переходе от феодализма, а непосредственно Англию — родиной промышленной революции ХVIII века

Answer 3

The English Revolution: Background and Causes

The English Revolution, also known as the English Civil War, was a series of conflicts that took place in the mid-17th century in England. It was a period of political and social upheaval that ultimately led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.

The causes of the English Revolution were complex and multifaceted. Here are some key factors that contributed to the revolution:

1. Political Tensions: The English Revolution was fueled by political tensions between the monarchy and Parliament. The Stuart kings, particularly Charles I, sought to assert their absolute authority and bypass Parliament, which led to conflicts over issues such as taxation and religious policies.

2. Religious Divisions: Religious differences played a significant role in the English Revolution. England was deeply divided between Protestants and Catholics, and tensions between different Protestant factions, such as Puritans and Anglicans, further exacerbated the situation.

3. Economic Factors: Economic issues also contributed to the revolution. The Stuart kings faced financial difficulties and attempted to raise funds through various means, including imposing unpopular taxes. This further strained relations between the monarchy and the people.

4. Constitutional Crisis: The English Revolution was also a result of a constitutional crisis. The conflict between the monarchy and Parliament highlighted the need for a clear and defined constitution that would limit the powers of the monarch and protect the rights of the people.

The Course and Outcomes of the English Revolution

The English Revolution can be divided into three main phases:

1. The First Civil War (1642-1646): The First Civil War was primarily fought between the Royalists, who supported the monarchy, and the Parliamentarians, who sought to limit the power of the king. The Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, eventually emerged victorious, and Charles I was captured and executed in 1649.

2. The Interregnum (1649-1660): Following the execution of Charles I, England was declared a republic known as the Commonwealth. Oliver Cromwell became the de facto ruler and established a military dictatorship. This period was marked by religious and political reforms, including the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords.

3. The Restoration (1660): The Restoration marked the return of the monarchy in England. After the death of Oliver Cromwell, his son Richard proved unable to maintain control, and the monarchy was restored with the ascension of Charles II to the throne.

The English Revolution had several significant outcomes:

1. The Glorious Revolution: The English Revolution laid the groundwork for the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Glorious Revolution resulted in the overthrow of James II and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, with William III and Mary II as joint monarchs.

2. The Rise of Constitutionalism: The English Revolution played a crucial role in the development of constitutionalism in England. It led to the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1689, which further limited the powers of the monarchy and established the supremacy of Parliament.

3. The Enlightenment and Political Thought: The English Revolution had a profound impact on political thought and the development of Enlightenment ideas. It sparked debates about the nature of government, individual rights, and the social contract, influencing thinkers such as John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.

In conclusion, the English Revolution was a complex and transformative period in English history. It was driven by political, religious, and economic factors and resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and ultimately the restoration of the monarchy with significant constitutional changes.