Question

Обьясните термен реформация

Answer 1

Реформация - движение за переустройство католической церкви. 

Answer 2

The Reformation

The Reformation was a significant movement in European history that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. It was a period of religious and social change that had a profound impact on the development of Christianity and the shaping of Western civilization.

Definition and Background The term "Reformation" refers to the reform of the Christian Church, particularly in Western Europe, during the 16th century. It was a response to perceived corruption and abuses within the Catholic Church at the time. The movement led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity.

Causes and Key Figures The Reformation was influenced by various factors, including religious, political, and social tensions of the time. Some of the key causes and figures associated with the Reformation include:

1. Martin Luther: A German monk and theologian, Martin Luther is considered one of the central figures of the Reformation. In 1517, he famously posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, criticizing the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences and calling for reform.

2. John Calvin: A French theologian, John Calvin played a significant role in the development of Protestant theology. His teachings, known as Calvinism, emphasized the sovereignty of God and the doctrine of predestination.

3. Ulrich Zwingli: A Swiss priest, Ulrich Zwingli was another influential figure in the Reformation. He advocated for the removal of religious images and the simplification of religious practices.

4. Henry VIII: King Henry VIII of England also played a role in the Reformation. His desire for an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon led to a break with the Catholic Church and the establishment of the Church of England.

Key Ideas and Impact The Reformation brought about significant changes in religious beliefs, practices, and institutions. Some key ideas and impacts of the Reformation include:

1. Sola Scriptura: The principle of "Sola Scriptura" (Scripture alone) emphasized the authority of the Bible as the ultimate source of religious truth, rather than the authority of the Pope or Church tradition.

2. Justification by Faith: The concept of "Justification by Faith" emphasized that salvation is granted through faith in Jesus Christ alone, rather than through good works or the sacraments.

3. Religious Pluralism: The Reformation led to the fragmentation of Christianity, with the emergence of various Protestant denominations alongside the Catholic Church. This resulted in religious diversity and the rise of religious tolerance in some regions.

4. Political and Social Changes: The Reformation had significant political and social consequences. It challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, such as the Thirty Years' War. It also contributed to the rise of nation-states and the spread of literacy through the translation of the Bible into vernacular languages.

Conclusion In summary, the Reformation was a period of religious and social change that occurred in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. It was a response to perceived corruption within the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity. The Reformation had a profound impact on religious beliefs, practices, and institutions, as well as on political and social developments in Europe.