Question

причины малой гражданской войны

Answer 1

Крестьяне хотели сами распоряжаться выращенным урожаем. Отказывались подвергаться продразвёрстке.Выдвигали требования: "Советская власть,но без большевиков!"Попытка задавить силой не удавалась.Выход был найден в твёрдом налоге на урожай.С этого началась Новая Экономическая Политика(НЭП).

Answer 2

Causes of the Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War, which took place from 1918 to 1922, was a complex conflict with multiple causes. Here are some of the key factors that contributed to the outbreak of the Russian Civil War:

1. Political Instability and the Fall of the Russian Empire: - The Russian Empire was facing political instability and economic hardships, exacerbated by its involvement in World War I. - The February Revolution of 1917 led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government. - The October Revolution of 1917, led by the Bolsheviks under Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the provisional government and established a socialist government.

2. Ideological Differences: - The Russian Civil War was, to a large extent, a conflict between the Bolsheviks (Communists) and their opponents, known as the Whites. - The Bolsheviks aimed to establish a socialist state and implement radical social and economic reforms, while the Whites represented a diverse range of political groups, including monarchists, liberals, and nationalists, who opposed Bolshevik rule.

3. Foreign Intervention: - The Russian Civil War saw the intervention of several foreign powers, including the Allied forces (such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and France), who supported the Whites, and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire), who initially supported the Bolsheviks. - Foreign intervention further complicated the conflict and prolonged the duration of the civil war.

4. Economic Factors: - The Russian economy was in a state of collapse during and after World War I, with widespread food shortages and economic dislocation. - The Bolsheviks implemented policies such as war communism, which involved the nationalization of industry and the requisitioning of grain from peasants, leading to further economic hardships and resistance from the peasantry.

5. Nationalism and Regional Autonomy: - The Russian Empire was a diverse multinational state, with various ethnic groups seeking greater autonomy or independence. - Nationalist movements, such as the Ukrainian and Baltic national movements, emerged during the civil war, further fragmenting the country and contributing to the conflict.

6. Military Factors: - The Russian Civil War involved the mobilization of various armed forces, including the Red Army (Bolshevik forces), the White Army (anti-Bolshevik forces), and numerous paramilitary groups. - The military strategies and tactics employed by both sides, as well as the involvement of foreign military advisors, played a significant role in shaping the course of the conflict.

It is important to note that the causes of the Russian Civil War were complex and interconnected, and different historians may emphasize different factors as more significant. The sources used for this response include and