Question

Как представляли себе устройство вселенной древнегреческие учёные? Срочно!!!

Answer 1

Представители эллинской цивилизации оставили величайшее культурное наследие. Его частью является древнегреческая космология. Она нашла свое отражение в поэмах Гомера - «Одиссее» и «Илиаде». В них Земля описывается как выпуклый диск, напоминающий щит воина. В его центре находится суша, омываемая со всех сторон Океаном. Над Землей раскинулся медный небосвод. По нему движется Солнце, которое ежедневно восходит из глубин Океана на востоке и, совершая свой путь по огромной дугообразной траектории, погружается в пучину вод на западе.
Позже (в 6 в. до н. э.) древнегреческий философ Фалес описал Вселенную в виде жидкой бескрайней массы. Внутри нее находится большой пузырь в форме полушария. Его верхняя поверхность вогнутая и представляет собой небесный свод, а на нижней, плоской, наподобие пробки, плавает Земля.

Answer 2

Ancient Greek Understanding of the Universe

The ancient Greek scientists and philosophers had a unique understanding of the universe, which was quite different from modern scientific knowledge. Here's a detailed overview of how they conceptualized the universe:

Geocentric Model: The ancient Greeks believed in a geocentric model of the universe, where the Earth was considered to be the center of the cosmos. This concept was primarily put forth by the influential philosopher Aristotle and further developed by Ptolemy.

Celestial Spheres: According to their understanding, the universe was organized into a series of nested, concentric spheres. Each celestial body, including the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars, was thought to be embedded in its own sphere, which rotated around the Earth.

Eternal and Unchanging: The ancient Greeks believed that the universe was eternal and unchanging. They viewed the celestial bodies as perfect and unalterable, moving in circular orbits with uniform motion.

Elements and Ether: The Greeks also believed in the existence of fundamental elements (earth, water, air, and fire) and a fifth element called "ether" or "quintessence," which was thought to compose the heavenly bodies and explain their perpetual motion.

Philosophical and Mathematical Speculation: The understanding of the universe in ancient Greece was deeply intertwined with philosophical and mathematical speculation. Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, along with mathematicians such as Euclid and Pythagoras, contributed to shaping the Greek worldview of the cosmos.

Influence on Future Astronomy: Despite the inaccuracies in their understanding, the ancient Greek model of the universe laid the groundwork for future astronomical developments. Their ideas and theories served as a foundation for later astronomers and scientists, leading to the refinement and eventual replacement of the geocentric model with the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus in the 16th century.

In summary, the ancient Greek understanding of the universe was characterized by a geocentric model, celestial spheres, the belief in an eternal and unchanging cosmos, the concept of fundamental elements and ether, and the intertwining of philosophy and mathematics in their cosmological theories.