Question

Просвещенный абсолютизм в германии причины 18 веке

Answer 1

Причины:реформация,которая охватила все слои общества.
крестьянская война 1525 года. 
восстание бедных горожан.
война 1618-1648 г.г.

Answer 2

The Enlightenment Absolutism in Germany in the 18th Century

The Enlightenment Absolutism, also known as Enlightened Absolutism or Enlightened Despotism, was a political and social movement that emerged in Europe during the 18th century. It was characterized by monarchs who embraced the ideas of the Enlightenment and sought to implement reforms based on reason and rationality while maintaining their absolute power.

Causes of Enlightenment Absolutism in Germany

There were several reasons for the emergence of Enlightenment Absolutism in Germany during the 18th century. Here are some key factors:

1. Influence of the Enlightenment: The Enlightenment was a philosophical and intellectual movement that emphasized reason, science, and progress. Its ideas spread throughout Europe, including Germany, and influenced the ruling elites. Monarchs were exposed to the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau, who advocated for the improvement of society through rational reforms.

2. Desire for Modernization: Many German rulers recognized the need to modernize their states to compete with other European powers. They saw the Enlightenment as a means to achieve progress and strengthen their countries. Enlightened monarchs believed that by implementing reforms, they could enhance the economy, education, and administration of their states.

3. Enlightened Advisors: German rulers often surrounded themselves with enlightened advisors who were well-versed in the ideas of the Enlightenment. These advisors played a crucial role in shaping the policies and reforms of the monarchs. They provided guidance on issues such as legal reforms, religious tolerance, education, and economic development.

4. Centralization of Power: The 18th century witnessed a trend towards centralization of power in many European states, including Germany. Monarchs sought to consolidate their authority and reduce the influence of the nobility and other traditional power centers. Enlightenment Absolutism provided a framework for implementing centralized reforms and exerting control over various aspects of society.

5. Reaction to the Thirty Years' War: The devastating Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) had a profound impact on Germany. It left the country fragmented and in a state of political and religious turmoil. The rulers of German states sought stability and unity, and Enlightenment Absolutism was seen as a way to achieve these goals.

Key Features of Enlightenment Absolutism in Germany

Enlightenment Absolutism in Germany had several distinctive features:

1. Religious Tolerance: Many enlightened rulers in Germany promoted religious tolerance and sought to reduce religious conflicts. They aimed to create a more inclusive society where individuals could practice their faith freely. Examples include Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of Austria.

2. Legal Reforms: Enlightened monarchs introduced legal reforms to ensure fairness and justice. They aimed to create a legal system based on reason and equality before the law. These reforms often included the codification of laws and the establishment of independent judiciary systems.

3. Education and Enlightenment: Enlightened rulers recognized the importance of education in promoting progress and enlightenment. They invested in the establishment of schools, universities, and academies to provide education to their subjects. Education was seen as a means to spread knowledge, reason, and critical thinking.

4. Economic Reforms: Enlightened monarchs implemented economic reforms to stimulate economic growth and improve the living conditions of their subjects. These reforms included the promotion of agriculture, industry, trade, and infrastructure development.

5. Patronage of the Arts and Sciences: Many enlightened rulers were patrons of the arts and sciences. They supported artists, writers, philosophers, and scientists, creating an environment conducive to intellectual and cultural development. This patronage helped foster the flourishing of the arts, literature, and scientific discoveries.

Conclusion

Enlightenment Absolutism in Germany during the 18th century was a response to the ideas of the Enlightenment and the need for modernization. German rulers embraced the principles of reason, progress, and rational reforms while maintaining their absolute power. They implemented various reforms in areas such as religion, law, education, and the economy. The movement had a lasting impact on German society and contributed to the intellectual and cultural development of the country.