Question

Традиционное хозяйство казахов

Answer 1

Скотоводство. По скольку Казахи вели кочевой образ жизни

Answer 2

Traditional Economy of the Kazakhs

The traditional economy of the Kazakhs is characterized by a nomadic lifestyle and a reliance on livestock herding, agriculture, and trade. The Kazakhs are a Turkic ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Central Asian region, including Kazakhstan, parts of Russia, China, and Mongolia.

Livestock Herding: One of the main economic activities of the Kazakhs is livestock herding. They traditionally raise animals such as horses, sheep, goats, and camels. Livestock provides them with food, clothing, and materials for shelter, as well as a source of income through trade and bartering.

Agriculture: In addition to livestock herding, the Kazakhs also engage in agriculture. They cultivate crops such as wheat, barley, millet, and vegetables. Agriculture is practiced in settled communities and provides the Kazakhs with additional food sources and trade goods.

Trade: Trade has always been an important aspect of the Kazakh traditional economy. The nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakhs allowed them to establish trade routes and engage in long-distance trade with neighboring regions. They traded goods such as livestock, animal products, agricultural produce, and handicrafts.

Social Organization: The traditional Kazakh society was organized into clans and tribes, with each group having its own territory for grazing and farming. The social structure was hierarchical, with a khan (tribal leader) at the top. The khan was responsible for making decisions regarding the community's economic activities, resolving disputes, and ensuring the well-being of the tribe.

Bartering System: The traditional Kazakh economy relied heavily on a bartering system. Goods and services were exchanged directly without the use of currency. This system allowed the Kazakhs to meet their needs and acquire necessary items through mutual exchange.

Seasonal Migration: The Kazakhs practiced seasonal migration, moving their livestock herds to different grazing areas depending on the time of year. This allowed them to utilize the available resources efficiently and avoid overgrazing. The migration patterns were influenced by factors such as climate, availability of water and pasture, and the need to trade with other communities.

Impact of Modernization: With the advent of modernization and the establishment of settled communities, the traditional Kazakh economy has undergone significant changes. Many Kazakhs have transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle to a more sedentary one, and the economy has become more diversified, with a greater emphasis on industry, mining, and oil extraction.

In conclusion, the traditional economy of the Kazakhs was centered around livestock herding, agriculture, and trade. Livestock provided them with food, clothing, and materials, while agriculture supplemented their food sources and provided trade goods. The Kazakhs engaged in long-distance trade and had a bartering system in place. The traditional economy has evolved with modernization, leading to changes in lifestyle and economic activities.