Question

Можно ли было добиться объединения Италии без войны с Австрией?

Answer 1

К сожалению, нет. Во - первых, Карбонарии видели свои задачи в свержении австрийского гнёта. (Впоследствии в стране вспыхнули восстания). Во - вторых, Камилло Кавур считал, что на пути к единению Италии стояла Австрия. Австрийская империя мешала объединению Италии. И только изгнание австрийцев с итальянскиз земель, могло ускорить процесс объединения.        

Answer 2

Possibility of Unifying Italy without War with Austria

The unification of Italy in the 19th century was a complex process that involved various political, social, and military factors. While it is difficult to say definitively whether Italy could have been unified without a war with Austria, it is worth exploring the possibilities.

Background on the Unification of Italy: Italy was a fragmented region consisting of several independent states and foreign-controlled territories in the early 19th century. The movement for Italian unification, known as the Risorgimento, aimed to unify these disparate regions into a single nation-state.

Factors Influencing Italian Unification:

1. Role of Diplomacy and Political Negotiations: Diplomatic efforts and political negotiations played a significant role in the unification process. The statesman Count Camillo di Cavour, who served as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, played a crucial role in orchestrating diplomatic alliances and negotiations to advance the cause of Italian unification.

2. Role of Military Conflicts: Military conflicts were also instrumental in the unification process. The Kingdom of Sardinia, under the leadership of King Victor Emmanuel II and with the support of other Italian states, engaged in several military campaigns against foreign powers, including Austria, to achieve territorial gains and pave the way for unification.

3. Popular Movements and Nationalism: The rise of popular movements and nationalist sentiments among the Italian people also contributed to the push for unification. The desire for a unified Italy and the rejection of foreign domination fueled the enthusiasm and determination of the Italian people to achieve independence.

Possibility of Unification without War with Austria:

While diplomacy and political negotiations played a significant role in the unification of Italy, it is unlikely that Italy could have been unified without some form of conflict with Austria. Austria controlled significant territories in northern Italy, including Lombardy and Venetia, which were essential for the territorial integrity of a unified Italy.

The Kingdom of Sardinia, under the leadership of Count Cavour, recognized the need to confront Austria militarily to achieve its objectives. The Kingdom of Sardinia, with the support of France, engaged in the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859, which resulted in the acquisition of Lombardy from Austria.

Furthermore, the final stages of Italian unification involved the military campaigns of Giuseppe Garibaldi and his volunteer army, known as the "Redshirts." Garibaldi's forces played a crucial role in the conquest of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in southern Italy. However, even in this case, the involvement of foreign powers and military conflicts were necessary to achieve the desired outcome.

In conclusion, while diplomacy and political negotiations were important in the unification of Italy, it is unlikely that Italy could have been unified without some form of conflict with Austria. Military conflicts, along with popular movements and nationalist sentiments, were instrumental in achieving Italian unification.