Question

Отличие современной и афинской школы

Answer 1

Происхождение слова школа
Слово школа «shole» пришло к нам из
Древней Греции, где оно первоначально
означало «досуг, свободное
времяпрепровождение». Затем -
«занятия на досуге», потом «бесед
философов» и только потом «учебные
занятия». Звучало на греческом это
слово как «схола». На латыни писалось
как schola. Из латыни schola
перекочевало в английский в форме
sclool, в немецкий как Schule,…
Позднее слово школа приобрело еще
одно значение. Им стали обозначать
направление в какой-то сфере знаний,
выработанное известным авторитетом.
Школа профессора такого-то, школа
композитора имярек и так далее.
Современная школа в России
это общеобразовательное учреждение,
дающее общие средние знания по
основным направлениям наук –
математика, литература, языки,
история-обществоведение, география,
химия-физика-ботаника…
В школу принимают детей с 6-7 лет и
выпускают в 17-18. Основа школьной
программы - федеральный
образовательный стандарт.
Возрастные категории в школе
По возрастным категориям школа
делится на начальную, среднюю и
старшую. По категориям образования -
на начальное, основное и среднее. По
окончании средней школы (ныне это 9
класс) выпускникам выдается Аттестат
об основном общем образовании .
Аттестат об основном среднем
образовании дает право на
поступления в средние специальные
учебные заведение – колледжи ,
техникумы и училища. А также на
продолжение образования в старших
классах этой же или другой школы,
гимназии или лицея . Окончание
средней школы (получение основного
образования) является обязательным
для всех учащихся.
После окончания 11-го класса ученик
получает Аттестат о (полном) среднем
образовании. Этот документ дает право на
поступление в высшие учебные заведения.
Гимназия

Answer 2

Difference between Modern and Athenian Schools

The modern school system and the Athenian school system have several differences. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Time Period: - The Athenian school system refers to the education system in ancient Athens, which existed from the 5th century BCE to the 4th century BCE. - The modern school system refers to the education system used in contemporary times.

2. Curriculum: - The Athenian school system focused primarily on subjects such as mathematics, music, physical education, and philosophy. The emphasis was on developing well-rounded individuals who could contribute to society. - The modern school system has a broader curriculum that includes subjects such as mathematics, science, language arts, social studies, and various elective courses. The curriculum is designed to provide a comprehensive education that prepares students for higher education and the workforce.

3. Teaching Methods: - In the Athenian school system, teaching methods were primarily based on oral instruction and memorization. Students would listen to lectures and engage in discussions with their teachers and peers. - In the modern school system, teaching methods have evolved to include a variety of approaches such as lectures, group work, hands-on activities, and the use of technology. The focus is on engaging students and promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

4. Access to Education: - In ancient Athens, education was primarily available to male citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were generally excluded from formal education. - In the modern school system, education is considered a fundamental right for all individuals, regardless of gender, race, or social status. Efforts are made to ensure equal access to education for everyone.

5. Role of Teachers: - In the Athenian school system, teachers held a position of authority and were highly respected. They were responsible for imparting knowledge and guiding students in their learning. - In the modern school system, teachers play a multifaceted role. They not only impart knowledge but also act as facilitators, mentors, and role models for their students. They are responsible for creating a positive learning environment and supporting the holistic development of their students.

6. Assessment and Evaluation: - In the Athenian school system, assessment was primarily based on oral examinations and the demonstration of knowledge through discussions and debates. - In the modern school system, assessment methods have evolved to include a variety of approaches such as written exams, projects, presentations, and practical demonstrations. The goal is to assess students' understanding, skills, and abilities in a comprehensive manner.

It is important to note that these are general differences between the Athenian and modern school systems. The specifics may vary depending on the time period, geographical location, and cultural context.

I hope this provides a helpful overview of the differences between the modern and Athenian school systems. Let me know if you have any further questions!