Question

Охарактеризуйте политику военного коммунизма с экономических , политических и нравственных позиций?Какую роль она сыграла в условиях гражданской войны и борьбы большевиков с Атлантой?

Answer 1

Если вести речь о последствиях политики ВК, то они были следующими:
1. в политической сфере: установление безраздельной диктатуры ВКПб, запрет деятельности других партий, жёсткая централизация управления.
2. в экономической сфере: нарушение рыночных отношений, развал финансов, сокращение производства, возрождение кустарничества, голод.
3. В социальной сфере: ликвидация сословий, массовый уход рабочих в деревни.
С точки зрения нравственности, политика ВК была безнравственна, т.к. способствовала обострению отношений между имущими и неимущими. Бедняки через комбеды получали легальное разрешение "грабить награбленное", а то что многие крестьяне всего добивались своим трудом и этим кормили семью никого не волновало.
В ходе ГВ военный коммунизм стал инструментом, благодаря которому советская власть смогла мобилизовать все силы на борьбу с белыми и Антантой и помогла большевикам удержать власть в своих руках.

Answer 2

The Policy of War Communism

War communism was a policy implemented by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War. It can be characterized from economic, political, and moral perspectives.

Economic Perspective: War communism aimed to centralize the control of the economy in the hands of the state. This involved nationalizing industry, requisitioning grain from peasants, and the introduction of strict centralized control over economic activities. The policy was driven by the need to support the Red Army and maintain the Bolshevik hold on power during the civil war.

Political Perspective: From a political standpoint, war communism was characterized by the consolidation of power in the hands of the Bolshevik government. It involved the suppression of political opposition and the establishment of a one-party state. The policy was implemented to ensure the survival of the Bolshevik regime in the face of internal and external threats.

Moral Perspective: War communism also had moral implications. The policy led to widespread suffering among the Russian population, particularly the peasantry, due to the requisitioning of grain and other resources. This created significant hardship and resentment among the people, contributing to social unrest and opposition to the Bolshevik government.

Role in the Conditions of the Civil War and Bolshevik Struggle with the Whites

In the conditions of the Russian Civil War, war communism played a crucial role. The policy was a response to the dire circumstances of the civil war, where the Bolsheviks faced significant challenges to their power and the survival of their regime. By centralizing control over the economy and consolidating political power, war communism allowed the Bolsheviks to mobilize resources for the war effort and maintain their hold on power.

The struggle between the Bolsheviks and the Whites, who were the anti-Bolshevik forces, was a central feature of the Russian Civil War. War communism was instrumental in providing the economic and political framework for the Bolsheviks to confront and ultimately defeat the White forces. However, the policy also led to widespread suffering and hardship among the Russian population, contributing to social unrest and opposition to the Bolshevik government.

In summary, war communism was a policy characterized by centralized control over the economy, consolidation of political power, and significant moral implications. It played a crucial role in the conditions of the Russian Civil War, enabling the Bolsheviks to confront and ultimately overcome their adversaries, but also contributing to widespread suffering and social unrest among the Russian population.

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