Question

основные идеи просветителей:Франсуа вольтер,Шарля луи де Секонда,Жан-жак русо,Дени Дидро,Адама Смита,энцыклопедисти и контролёр финансов

Answer 1

Джон Локк: естественные или прирожденные права человека. Право на жизнь, свободу и собственность.
Шарль Луи: Король-исполнительная власть. Парламент-законодательная власть. Судебная
Вольтер: Противник  деспотизма , считал, что король-благо для государства
Жан-Жак Руссо: Ограничение размеров частной собственности. Богатые равны бедным.
Адам Смит: Я не знаю, сама только делаю 

Answer 2

François Voltaire:

François Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher, and historian. He is known for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state. Voltaire believed in reason, tolerance, and the power of education to improve society. He criticized religious intolerance, superstition, and abuses of power. Voltaire's major works include "Candide" and "Letters Concerning the English Nation". He also wrote extensively on various subjects such as politics, history, and science.

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu:

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, commonly known as Montesquieu, was a French lawyer, philosopher, and social commentator. He is best known for his work "The Spirit of the Laws", in which he proposed the idea of separation of powers as a means to prevent tyranny and ensure the liberty of individuals. Montesquieu argued that political power should be divided among different branches of government, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, to maintain a system of checks and balances. His ideas greatly influenced the formation of modern democratic systems.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau:

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Swiss philosopher, writer, and composer. He is considered one of the most important figures of the Enlightenment. Rousseau's ideas focused on the concept of the social contract, in which individuals voluntarily give up some of their rights and freedoms in exchange for the protection and benefits provided by society. He believed that society should be based on the general will of the people and that the government should act in the best interest of the community. Rousseau's works include "The Social Contract" and "Emile".

Denis Diderot:

Denis Diderot was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer. He is best known as the editor-in-chief of the "Encyclopédie", a comprehensive encyclopedia that aimed to gather and disseminate knowledge on various subjects. Diderot believed in the power of education and knowledge to liberate individuals from ignorance and superstition. The "Encyclopédie" played a significant role in spreading Enlightenment ideas and challenging traditional authority. Diderot's works also include philosophical writings on morality, aesthetics, and religion.

Adam Smith:

Adam Smith was a Scottish economist, philosopher, and author. He is often referred to as the father of modern economics. Smith's most famous work is "The Wealth of Nations", in which he advocated for free markets, division of labor, and the invisible hand of the market as a mechanism for economic growth and prosperity. Smith believed that individuals pursuing their own self-interest would ultimately benefit society as a whole. He emphasized the importance of economic freedom, limited government intervention, and the role of competition in driving economic progress.

Encyclopédistes and Controller-General of Finances:

The Encyclopédistes were a group of intellectuals who contributed to the "Encyclopédie", a project led by Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert. They aimed to compile and disseminate knowledge across various disciplines, challenging traditional authority and promoting rational thinking. The Encyclopédistes played a crucial role in spreading Enlightenment ideas and promoting scientific inquiry.

The Controller-General of Finances refers to the position of the chief financial minister in France during the Enlightenment period. This position held significant power and responsibility in managing the country's finances. The Controller-General of Finances was responsible for implementing economic policies, managing taxation, and overseeing the financial administration of the kingdom.

Overall, the main ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers mentioned above revolved around the importance of reason, individual liberty, social progress, and the power of education and knowledge. They criticized religious intolerance, superstition, and abuses of power, and advocated for political and economic reforms to create a more just and enlightened society.