
Изменение греческих полисов в 8-6 веках до н э


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В итоге начинается кризис 8 века до н.э., кризис, вызванные перенаселённостью.
Если кризис существует, общество (тем более такое активное, как греческое) начинает искать выход. Он был найден быстро. Лишнее избыточное население необходимо было переместить в районы за пределы Греции, где были свободные пустующие земли. Безземельных граждан перевозят на свободное место, создают поселение и делят землю между ними. При этом связи между новым и старым поселением остаются. Фактически, жители нового полиса сохраняют гражданские права на равне с жителями старого полиса.
Метрополия – старое поселение, откуда переселяют людей.
Колония – новое поселение, куда переселили избыточное населения.
Колонии, постепенно увеличиваясь, превращались в совершенно самостоятельные полисы. В этих полиса опять возникала проблема перенаселённости. И тогда они тоже устраивали свои колонии.
Создание таких «филиалов» полиса – вариант очень позитивный, при этом развивается торговля, денежные отношения. Но возможен был вариант и другой (встречались реже в греческой истории, но были). Этот вариант – требование передела земли. Между богатыми и бедными семьями возникает вооруженный конфликт. Проигравшая сторона изгоняется из полиса… уходит и создаёт новое поселение. У этого нового поселения связей со старым полисом уже не будет, мало того, они буду враждовать.
Выход из кризиса был найден, им стала т.н. колонизация.



Changes in Greek City-States in the 8th-6th Centuries BCE
During the 8th-6th centuries BCE, the Greek city-states, also known as polis, underwent significant changes that shaped their political, social, and economic structures. These changes were influenced by various factors, including internal developments within the city-states and external interactions with other civilizations.
1. Political Changes: - The political structure of Greek city-states evolved during this period. Initially, most city-states were ruled by aristocratic elites, known as oligarchies, where power was concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy individuals. - However, in some city-states, the emergence of tyrants occurred. Tyrants were individuals who seized power by force and ruled with the support of the common people. They often aimed to challenge the power of the aristocracy and establish more inclusive forms of government. - The rise of tyrants was a response to social and economic tensions within the city-states. They implemented reforms to address these issues and gain popular support. - Over time, some city-states transitioned to more democratic forms of government, where power was shared among a larger portion of the population. Athens is a notable example of a city-state that developed a democratic system during this period.
2. Social Changes: - Social structures within Greek city-states also experienced changes. The emergence of tyrants challenged the dominance of the aristocracy and provided opportunities for social mobility. - The rise of tyrants often led to the redistribution of land and wealth, which aimed to address social inequalities and gain support from the common people. - Additionally, the development of democratic systems allowed for greater participation of citizens in decision-making processes, regardless of their social status. - However, it is important to note that these changes did not result in full equality or inclusivity. Women, slaves, and foreigners were still excluded from political participation and faced various forms of discrimination.
3. Economic Changes: - Economic changes during this period were influenced by both internal and external factors. Greek city-states relied heavily on agriculture, but trade and colonization also played significant roles in their economies. - The expansion of trade networks and the establishment of colonies led to increased wealth and economic growth in many city-states. - The growth of trade and colonization also contributed to the development of a merchant class, which challenged the traditional dominance of the aristocracy. - The increased wealth and economic opportunities brought about by trade and colonization contributed to social and political changes within the city-states.
Overall, the changes in Greek city-states during the 8th-6th centuries BCE were characterized by shifts in political power, social structures, and economic dynamics. These changes were influenced by a combination of internal developments and external interactions, such as the rise of tyrants, the emergence of democratic systems, social mobility, trade, and colonization.
Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and may not cover all aspects of the topic. For more in-depth information, it is recommended to consult additional sources.


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