Question

В чем значение первобытной эпохи в истории человечества? Представление о переходе от первобытности к цивилизации (появление городов, государств, письменности).

Answer 1

В том, что повлияло появление общин, кланов, семей, которые имея общий ресурс и ценности, культуру под влиянием общей идеологии создали города. а в последующем и государства

Answer 2

The Significance of the Primitive Era in Human History

The primitive era, also known as the prehistoric era, holds great significance in the history of humanity. This period refers to the time before the development of civilization, characterized by the absence of written records and the use of primitive tools and technologies. The transition from primitiveness to civilization marked the emergence of cities, states, and writing systems. Let's explore the importance of this transition in more detail.

1. Development of Cities and Urbanization: One of the key aspects of the transition from primitiveness to civilization was the development of cities. As humans began to settle in one place and engage in agriculture, they created permanent settlements that eventually grew into cities. The establishment of cities led to the growth of complex social structures, the division of labor, and the emergence of specialized professions.

2. Formation of States and Governance: With the rise of cities, the primitive era witnessed the formation of states and the establishment of governance systems. As populations grew, societies needed systems to regulate social order, resolve conflicts, and provide protection. This led to the development of political institutions, laws, and systems of governance. The formation of states marked a significant shift in human organization and laid the foundation for the development of more complex political structures.

3. Emergence of Writing and Record-Keeping: Another crucial aspect of the transition from primitiveness to civilization was the development of writing systems. Writing allowed humans to record information, communicate complex ideas, and preserve knowledge across generations. The invention of writing systems enabled the accumulation of knowledge, the development of literature, and the dissemination of ideas. Writing also played a vital role in the administration of states and the recording of historical events.

4. Technological Advancements: The primitive era saw significant advancements in technology. Humans developed new tools and techniques to meet their needs and improve their quality of life. For example, the discovery and mastery of fire allowed early humans to cook food, stay warm, and protect themselves from predators. The invention of the wheel revolutionized transportation and trade. These technological advancements laid the foundation for further progress and innovation in later civilizations.

5. Cultural and Artistic Expression: During the primitive era, humans expressed themselves through various forms of art and culture. Cave paintings, sculptures, and artifacts provide valuable insights into the beliefs, rituals, and daily lives of early humans. These artistic expressions not only served as a means of communication but also reflected the cultural and spiritual aspects of primitive societies. The preservation of these artistic works allows us to understand and appreciate the rich cultural heritage of our ancestors.

In conclusion, the primitive era holds immense significance in human history. The transition from primitiveness to civilization marked the development of cities, states, writing systems, and technological advancements. It laid the foundation for complex social structures, governance systems, and cultural expressions that continue to shape our world today.

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