Question

Почему жирондисты не сумели удержаться у власти в чем оказалось примущество политики якубинцев могли ли якубинцы избежать неблагоприятных длф них сабытий темидора

Answer 1

Жирондисты были нерешительны, не пытались оказать влияние на социальные проблемы. Якубинцы же заручились поддержкой как народа, так и мелкой буржуазии, которые хотели продолжать революционное движение. Ситуация, кстати, схожа с революцией 1917 года.

Answer 2

The Fall of the Girondins and the Rise of the Jacobins

The Girondins and the Jacobins were two prominent political factions during the French Revolution. The Girondins were a moderate group of revolutionaries who advocated for a constitutional monarchy and represented the interests of the bourgeoisie. On the other hand, the Jacobins were more radical and sought to establish a republic and promote the interests of the working class.

The Girondins initially held significant power in the National Convention, the governing body of France during the revolution. However, they faced several challenges that ultimately led to their downfall.

1. Political divisions and internal conflicts: The Girondins faced internal divisions and conflicts within their own ranks. They struggled to maintain unity and consensus among their members, which weakened their ability to effectively govern and respond to the challenges of the time.

2. Economic and social unrest: France was facing economic and social turmoil during the revolution. The country was grappling with food shortages, inflation, and widespread poverty. The Girondins were unable to effectively address these issues, which led to growing discontent among the population.

3. War and external threats: France was at war with several European powers, and the Girondins were unable to successfully manage the military and diplomatic challenges posed by these conflicts. The Jacobins, on the other hand, were able to rally popular support by presenting themselves as defenders of the revolution against external threats.

4. Radicalization of the revolution: As the revolution progressed, the political climate became increasingly radicalized. The Jacobins, with their more radical ideology and populist appeal, gained popularity among the masses. They were able to capitalize on the growing discontent and frustration with the Girondins' perceived inability to bring about meaningful change.

The Advantage of the Jacobin Policy and the Events of Thermidor

The Jacobins, led by figures such as Maximilien Robespierre, gained power and influence following the fall of the Girondins. They implemented a series of policies that appealed to the working class and sought to address the economic and social issues facing France.

1. Economic reforms: The Jacobins implemented measures to address the economic crisis, including price controls, requisitioning of goods, and the establishment of a planned economy. These policies aimed to alleviate the suffering of the lower classes and gain their support.

2. Centralization of power: The Jacobins centralized power in the Committee of Public Safety, which allowed them to make swift decisions and take decisive action. This centralization of power enabled them to effectively govern and respond to the challenges of the time.

3. Reign of Terror: The Jacobins also implemented the Reign of Terror, a period of intense political repression and violence aimed at eliminating counter-revolutionary elements and maintaining control. While controversial and brutal, the Reign of Terror allowed the Jacobins to suppress opposition and consolidate their power.

However, the Jacobins' rule was not without its challenges. The events of Thermidor, which refers to the fall of Robespierre and the end of the Reign of Terror, marked a turning point in the French Revolution.

1. Growing opposition: The Jacobins faced growing opposition from various factions, including moderates, conservatives, and even former revolutionaries who were disillusioned with the radical turn of the revolution. This opposition culminated in the fall of Robespierre and the overthrow of the Jacobin regime.

2. Excesses of the Reign of Terror: The brutal and indiscriminate nature of the Reign of Terror alienated many people and led to widespread fear and resentment. The Jacobins' use of violence and repression to maintain control ultimately contributed to their downfall.

3. Desire for stability: After years of political turmoil and violence, there was a growing desire among the population for stability and a return to order. The excesses of the Jacobin regime and the Reign of Terror created a backlash and paved the way for a more moderate and stable government.

In conclusion, the Girondins were unable to maintain power due to internal divisions, economic and social unrest, and the challenges posed by war and external threats. The Jacobins, on the other hand, were able to gain power by implementing policies that appealed to the working class and by centralizing power. However, their rule was marked by violence and repression, which ultimately led to their downfall during the events of Thermidor.