Question

Расскажите о «золотом веке» индустриальной Англии. Обьяснит, почему ее называли «мастерской мира», «мировым извозчиком».

Answer 1

Дело в том, что в Англии раньше других стран произошел так называемый "второй промышленный переворот",в ходе которого промышленность перешла от мануфактуре к фабрике (то есть. освоила механические двигатели). Естественно, уровень производства резко поднялся, а стоимость товаров, соответственно, упала. Благодаря этому, Англия сумела наводнить своими товарами почти все рынки мира. Другие страны, в том числе и Россия, экспортировали в Англию лишь сырье, которое затем обрабатывалось на английских фабриках (отсюда и "мастерская мира").А вот прозвище "мировой извозчик" связано с крупнейшим в то время в мире торговым (и военным) флотом Великобритании.

Answer 2

The "Golden Age" of Industrial England

The "Golden Age" of industrial England refers to a period of significant economic and industrial growth that occurred during the 18th and 19th centuries. This era is often referred to as the "workshop of the world" or the "world's workshop" due to England's dominant position in global manufacturing and trade.

During this time, England experienced a series of advancements and innovations that transformed it into a leading industrial nation. These advancements included the development of new machinery, the expansion of factories, the growth of transportation infrastructure, and the establishment of a global trading network.

Industrial Revolution and Technological Advancements The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, played a crucial role in shaping the "Golden Age" of industrial England. This period saw a shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing, leading to increased productivity and efficiency in various industries.

Technological advancements, such as the invention of the steam engine by James Watt, played a pivotal role in driving industrial growth. The steam engine revolutionized transportation, powering locomotives and steamships, and also provided a reliable source of power for factories and machinery.

Expansion of Factories and Manufacturing The "Golden Age" of industrial England witnessed a significant expansion of factories and manufacturing industries. Textile production, particularly cotton, played a central role in driving industrial growth. The invention of the spinning jenny, water frame, and power loom revolutionized the textile industry, leading to increased production and the establishment of large-scale factories.

Other industries, such as iron and steel production, coal mining, and engineering, also experienced substantial growth during this period. England's abundant natural resources, including coal and iron ore, provided the necessary raw materials for industrial production.

Global Trade and Economic Dominance England's industrial prowess during this era made it a dominant force in global trade. The country became a major exporter of manufactured goods, including textiles, machinery, and iron products. Its colonies and overseas territories provided access to valuable resources and markets, further fueling economic growth.

The establishment of the British Empire, with its vast network of colonies and trading posts, facilitated the expansion of England's global trade. The empire provided access to raw materials, such as cotton from India and rubber from Southeast Asia, which were essential for industrial production.

Influence and Impact The "Golden Age" of industrial England had a profound impact on various aspects of society. It led to urbanization, as people migrated from rural areas to cities in search of employment opportunities in factories. This rapid urbanization brought about significant social and economic changes, including the rise of the working class and the emergence of new social classes.

The industrialization of England also had far-reaching effects on other countries. The country's technological advancements and manufacturing techniques were often imitated and adopted by other nations, contributing to the spread of industrialization worldwide.

Conclusion

The "Golden Age" of industrial England was characterized by significant economic and industrial growth, technological advancements, the expansion of factories and manufacturing industries, and England's dominance in global trade. This era played a crucial role in shaping the modern world and establishing England as a leading industrial nation.