Question

Почему в 1934 г. во Франции фашистский переворот не удался?

Answer 1

Фашистское движение во Франции было несравненно слабее, нежели в Германии и Италии. Основная причина слабости заключалась в том, что и конкретная политическая обстановка в этой стране в 1930-е годы, и давние исторические традиции были совершенно иными, чем в Германии и Италии. Во Франции не действовали эффективные в условиях Германии методы обработки масс. Например, деятели «Огненных крестов» попытались повторить практику бесплатных обедов во Франции, но реакция масс безработных была абсолютно иной. С чисто галльским юмором рабочие съедали обед, а затем расходились с пением «Марсельезы», а то и «Интернационала» и с криками «де ла Рока на виселицу!».

Answer 2

The Failed Fascist Coup in France in 1934

In 1934, France experienced a failed fascist coup attempt. The reasons for the failure of this coup can be attributed to several factors.

1. Political Fragmentation and Lack of Unity One of the main reasons for the failure of the fascist coup in France in 1934 was the political fragmentation and lack of unity among the various right-wing factions. The coup attempt was led by far-right leagues and organizations, such as the Action Française and the Croix de Feu, which had different ideologies and goals. This lack of unity weakened their ability to effectively organize and carry out a successful coup.

2. Strong Opposition The fascist coup attempt faced strong opposition from various groups, including left-wing political parties, trade unions, and the French government. These groups were committed to defending the democratic institutions and values of the French Republic and were determined to resist any attempt to overthrow the government through force. Their resistance and mobilization made it difficult for the coup plotters to gain widespread support and achieve their objectives.

3. Government Response The French government, under the leadership of Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, responded swiftly and decisively to the fascist coup attempt. The government declared a state of emergency, banned the far-right leagues, and arrested the leaders of the coup plot. The government's strong response effectively neutralized the threat posed by the coup plotters and prevented the coup from succeeding.

4. Lack of Military Support Another crucial factor in the failure of the fascist coup in France was the lack of support from the military. The military leadership remained loyal to the government and refused to support the coup attempt. Without the backing of the military, the coup plotters were unable to seize control of key institutions and infrastructure, which further undermined their chances of success.

5. Lessons from the Beer Hall Putsch The failed fascist coup in France in 1934 also occurred in the aftermath of the Beer Hall Putsch in Germany in 1923. The Beer Hall Putsch, led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, was an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government. The failure of the Beer Hall Putsch served as a cautionary tale for right-wing groups in France, who were aware of the risks and consequences of attempting a violent coup. This historical context may have influenced the decision-making of the coup plotters and contributed to the failure of their coup attempt.

In conclusion, the failed fascist coup in France in 1934 can be attributed to factors such as political fragmentation, strong opposition, the government's swift response, lack of military support, and the lessons learned from previous failed coup attempts. These factors combined to prevent the coup plotters from achieving their objectives and maintaining the democratic institutions of the French Republic.