Question

Развернутый план по тее распад ссср

Answer 1

Вступ
Национальные конфликты
Причины распада СССР
Съезд КПСС
Встреча Ельница с западом 
Подписание об росформировании СССР
Путч
Хроника событий
Итог

Answer 2

The Dissolution of the USSR: A Detailed Plan

The dissolution of the USSR was a complex and multifaceted process that took place in the early 1990s. It involved political, economic, and social changes that ultimately led to the breakup of the Soviet Union into independent nations. Here is a detailed plan outlining the key events and factors that contributed to the dissolution of the USSR:

1. Political Changes: - In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and introduced a series of political reforms known as perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness). - Gorbachev's reforms aimed to modernize the Soviet economy, increase political transparency, and promote democratic values. - However, these reforms also led to increased political and nationalistic movements within the Soviet republics, demanding greater autonomy and independence. - The Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) were the first to declare their independence from the USSR in the late 1980s. - Other republics, such as Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova, also started demanding greater sovereignty and independence.

2. Economic Factors: - The Soviet economy was facing severe challenges, including inefficiency, corruption, and a lack of innovation. - Gorbachev's economic reforms aimed to introduce elements of market economy and private ownership, but they were met with resistance from conservative elements within the CPSU. - The Soviet economy was heavily dependent on oil and gas exports, and the decline in global oil prices in the 1980s severely impacted the country's revenue. - The economic disparities between the Soviet republics also contributed to the growing tensions and demands for independence.

3. Nationalistic Movements: - The Soviet Union was a multinational state with various ethnic groups and nationalities. - The nationalistic movements within the Soviet republics gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s, fueled by the desire for self-determination and the preservation of cultural identity. - The Baltic states, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, and other republics held referendums on independence, which further weakened the central authority of the USSR.

4. August Coup of 1991: - In August 1991, a group of hardline Communist Party members attempted to overthrow Gorbachev's government and halt the reforms. - The coup failed due to widespread public resistance and support for democratic reforms. - The failed coup weakened the authority of the CPSU and accelerated the process of independence for the Soviet republics.

5. Declaration of Independence: - On August 24, 1991, the Ukrainian parliament declared independence from the USSR, followed by other republics. - The Soviet Union was officially dissolved on December 26, 1991, when the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords, which declared the end of the USSR and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

6. International Recognition: - The international community recognized the independence of the newly formed states, and they were admitted to the United Nations as sovereign nations. - The dissolution of the USSR had significant geopolitical implications, including the end of the Cold War and the realignment of international alliances.

It is important to note that the dissolution of the USSR was a complex and controversial process, and its consequences are still felt today. The breakup of the Soviet Union led to significant political, economic, and social changes in the newly independent states, as well as in the international arena.

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