Question

С чем связано неуклонное падение роли Земских соборов и Боярской думы в xvll веке?

Answer 1

По мере укрепления абсолютизма роль Земских соборов и Боярской думы снижалась. Михаил Федорович Романов был избран царем именно Земским собором. В условиях слабости царской власти Романовы нуждались в поддержке сословий, а потому Земский собор играл значимую роль в управлении государством. По мере укрепления центральной власти ее опорой стал, прежде всего, бюрократический аппарат и постоянная армия. Поэтому необходимость в поддержке сословий отошла на второй план.
Падение роли Боярской думы происходило из-за снижения влияния родовитой знати. После расширения состава Думы и допуска туда незнатных родов, влияние знати резко упало, что превратило Боярскую думу в неудобный и неуправляемый орган.

Answer 2

The Decline of the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma in the 17th Century

The decline of the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma in the 17th century can be attributed to several factors. These factors include political changes, the consolidation of power by the Tsar, and the emergence of new administrative structures.

1. Political Changes: One of the main reasons for the decline of the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma was the political changes that occurred during the 17th century. The Zemsky Sobors were assemblies of representatives from different social groups, including the nobility, clergy, and townspeople, who gathered to discuss important matters of state. The Boyar Duma, on the other hand, was a council of high-ranking nobles who advised the Tsar on various issues.

However, as the power of the Tsar grew, these representative bodies began to lose their influence. The Tsar started to make decisions without consulting the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma, leading to a decline in their role and authority.

2. Consolidation of Power by the Tsar: Another factor that contributed to the decline of the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma was the consolidation of power by the Tsar. During the 17th century, the Tsars of Russia, such as Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great, sought to centralize power and establish a strong autocratic rule.

To achieve this, the Tsars reduced the power and influence of the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma. They implemented reforms that strengthened the authority of the Tsar and weakened the role of these representative bodies. The Tsars wanted to have more direct control over decision-making processes and reduce the influence of the nobility and other social groups.

3. Emergence of New Administrative Structures: Additionally, the emergence of new administrative structures also contributed to the decline of the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma. As the Russian state expanded and became more complex, the Tsars established new institutions to manage the affairs of the state.

For example, Peter the Great introduced the Table of Ranks, which created a new bureaucratic system based on merit rather than noble birth. This new administrative structure bypassed the traditional nobility and reduced the importance of the Boyar Duma in decision-making processes.

Furthermore, the Tsars also established new advisory bodies, such as the Senate, which played a more significant role in shaping policies and advising the Tsar. These new institutions gradually replaced the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma as the primary channels for political decision-making.

In conclusion, the decline of the Zemsky Sobors and Boyar Duma in the 17th century can be attributed to political changes, the consolidation of power by the Tsar, and the emergence of new administrative structures. These factors led to a reduction in the role and authority of these representative bodies, as the Tsars sought to centralize power and establish a more direct rule over the affairs of the state.