Question

почему берлинская стена называлась защитной стеной против фашизма?

Answer 1

Берлинская стена официально немцами называлась Антифашистский оборонительный вал. Была построена в 1961 году. До того, как Берлинская стена была построена граница между Восточным и Западным Берлином была открыта, что приводило к частым конфликтам и массовым утечкам специалистов. Причем преимущественно утечка происходила в западном направлении. Жители Восточного берлина предпочитали обучаться в ГДР (где образование было полностью бесплатно), а работать в ФРГ. В 1960 году правительство ГДР ограничело посещение восточными немцами ФРГ, ссылаясь на желание пресечь реваншистскую пропаганду и действие антикоммунистических групп.

Answer 2

The Berlin Wall: A Defensive Wall Against Fascism?

The Berlin Wall, also known as the "Antifascistischer Schutzwall" or "Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart," was built by the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in 1961. While it was officially referred to as a defensive measure against fascism, the reasons behind its construction were more complex.

Historical Context: To understand the reasons behind the construction of the Berlin Wall, it is important to consider the historical context of post-World War II Germany. After Germany's defeat in World War II, the country was divided into four occupation zones controlled by the Allied powers: the United States, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France. The city of Berlin, located in Soviet-controlled East Germany, was also divided into four sectors.

Political Tensions and Mass Migration: In the years following the war, political tensions between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies grew, leading to the onset of the Cold War. As East Germany faced economic challenges and political unrest, a significant number of its citizens began to migrate to West Germany and West Berlin in search of better opportunities and freedom. This mass migration posed a significant problem for the East German government, as it resulted in a brain drain and a loss of skilled labor.

The Construction of the Berlin Wall: In an attempt to halt the mass migration and stabilize the East German economy, the government of the German Democratic Republic decided to construct a physical barrier between East and West Berlin. On August 13, 1961, construction of the Berlin Wall began, effectively sealing off the border between the two parts of the city.

Official Rationale: The East German government justified the construction of the Berlin Wall as a defensive measure against fascism. They claimed that the wall was necessary to protect East Germany from the influence of Western imperialism and to prevent the infiltration of fascist elements into East German society. The official narrative portrayed the wall as a symbol of protection against the perceived threat of fascism from the West.

Complex Motivations: While the official rationale for the Berlin Wall emphasized protection against fascism, it is important to note that the wall primarily served as a means to control the movement of people and prevent mass migration. The construction of the wall was a response to the political and economic challenges faced by the East German government, as well as an attempt to maintain control over its population.

Conclusion: In summary, the Berlin Wall was officially referred to as a defensive wall against fascism by the East German government. However, its construction was primarily motivated by the need to control mass migration and stabilize the East German economy. The wall symbolized the division between East and West Berlin during the Cold War and had significant political, economic, and social implications for Germany as a whole.