Question

Что из названного относилось к причинам возникновения Смуты в Российском государстве в начале 17 в.?1)династический кризис2)распад гос-ва на удельные княжества3)начало созыва Земских соборов4)приход к власти боярского правительства - «семибоярщины»

Answer 1

1) династический кризис 1425-1453г.
Итог: ослепление Василия Косого Василием 2(1436 г), ослепление Василия 2 сторонниками Шемяки (1446 г), изгнание из Москвы Дмитрия Шемяки, (1-ое в 1445 г, 2-ое в 1447 г) смерть Шемяки в Новгороде (1453 г).

Answer 2

1)династический кризис

Answer 3

Causes of the Time of Troubles in Russia in the early 17th century

The Time of Troubles, also known as the Smuta, was a period of political and social crisis in Russia that occurred in the early 17th century. Several factors contributed to the emergence of the Time of Troubles in the Russian state:

1) Dynastic Crisis: One of the causes of the Time of Troubles was a dynastic crisis. The ruling dynasty, the Rurikids, came to an end with the death of Tsar Feodor I in 1598. This led to a power vacuum and a struggle for the throne among different factions and noble families [[1]].

2) Disintegration of the State into Appanage Principalities: Another factor that contributed to the Time of Troubles was the disintegration of the Russian state into appanage principalities. After the death of Ivan the Terrible in 1584, the centralized power of the Russian state weakened, and regional princes (boyars) gained more autonomy and control over their territories. This fragmentation weakened the central authority and made it difficult to maintain stability and order [[2]].

3) Convening of Zemsky Sobors: The beginning of the Zemsky Sobors, or the Assembly of the Land, also played a role in the emergence of the Time of Troubles. The Zemsky Sobors were representative assemblies that included representatives from different social groups, such as the nobility, clergy, and townspeople. The convening of these assemblies reflected the growing discontent and the need for political reforms in the country. However, the Zemsky Sobors were not able to effectively address the political and social challenges facing Russia at that time [[3]].

4) Rise of the Boyar Government - "The Seven Boyars": The rise of the Boyar government, known as the "Seven Boyars" or "Semiboyarschina," was another significant factor in the Time of Troubles. After the death of Tsar Feodor I, a group of influential boyars formed a collective ruling body to govern the country. However, their rule was marked by internal conflicts, corruption, and mismanagement, which further destabilized the state and contributed to the crisis [[4]].

These factors, including the dynastic crisis, disintegration of the state into appanage principalities, convening of Zemsky Sobors, and the rise of the Boyar government, all played a role in the emergence of the Time of Troubles in Russia in the early 17th century.

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