Question

Приказы и их функции в 17 веке

Answer 1

Приказы - органы центрального государственного управления в Русском государстве, заведовавшие особым родом государственных дел или отдельными областями государства
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Посольский - отношения с иностранными государствами
Разрядный - ведал дворянскими войсками
Поместный - наделял землями служилых людей
Разбойный - ловил и судил преступников
Стрелецкий - ведал стрелецкими войсками
Ямской - почтовая служба
Челобитный - разбирал жалобы на имя царя

Answer 2

Orders and their functions in the 17th century

In the 17th century, orders played a significant role in governing societies and maintaining order. These orders were issued by rulers, governments, or other authorities and served various functions. Let's explore some of the common types of orders and their functions during this period.

1. Military Orders: Military orders were crucial in organizing and commanding armies during the 17th century. They were issued by military leaders or monarchs to direct troops, establish battle strategies, and maintain discipline within the military ranks. Military orders also regulated the behavior of soldiers and outlined their duties and responsibilities on the battlefield.

2. Administrative Orders: Administrative orders were used to regulate the functioning of governments and bureaucracies. They were issued by rulers or government officials to establish laws, regulations, and policies. Administrative orders covered a wide range of areas, including taxation, trade, justice, and public administration. These orders helped maintain social order, ensure the smooth functioning of the state, and enforce the ruler's authority.

3. Religious Orders: Religious orders played a significant role in the 17th century, particularly in Catholic countries. These orders were established by religious institutions and were governed by specific rules and regulations. They included orders such as the Jesuits, Dominicans, Franciscans, and Benedictines. Religious orders had various functions, including promoting religious teachings, providing education, engaging in missionary work, and offering charitable services to the community.

4. Economic Orders: Economic orders were issued to regulate trade, commerce, and economic activities. They aimed to ensure fair competition, protect markets, and maintain economic stability. Economic orders could include regulations on prices, tariffs, monopolies, and trade practices. These orders were often issued by rulers or governments to promote economic growth, protect local industries, and generate revenue.

5. Social Orders: Social orders were aimed at maintaining social hierarchy and regulating social behavior. They were often issued by rulers or aristocrats to reinforce their authority and control over society. Social orders could include rules on etiquette, dress codes, social gatherings, and behavior in public spaces. They helped define social norms, reinforce class distinctions, and ensure social stability.

It's important to note that the specific types and functions of orders in the 17th century varied across different regions and countries. The examples provided above are general categories and may not encompass all the orders and their functions during this period.