Question

Какие государства Европы в IX-XI вв. больше всего страдали от нападений

Answer 1

Франция  западная Европа

Answer 2

States in Europe in the 9th to 11th Centuries Most Affected by Invasions

During the 9th to 11th centuries, several states in Europe were significantly affected by invasions. The major states that suffered the most from invasions during this period were the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, and the various kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula.

The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, faced invasions from various groups, including the Bulgars, the Rus', and the Seljuk Turks. These invasions posed significant challenges to the empire's stability and territorial integrity.

The Holy Roman Empire, which encompassed parts of modern-day Germany, Italy, and France, faced invasions from Viking raiders, Magyars, and other nomadic groups. These invasions disrupted the empire's territories and posed a threat to its security.

The kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, including the Kingdom of Asturias, the Kingdom of León, and the County of Barcelona, were repeatedly targeted by Muslim invasions from North Africa. The Umayyad Caliphate and later the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties launched invasions into the Iberian Peninsula, leading to centuries of conflict known as the Reconquista.

These invasions had a profound impact on the affected states, shaping their political, social, and cultural development during this period.

In conclusion, the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, and the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula were the major states in Europe that suffered the most from invasions during the 9th to 11th centuries.