Question

факторы определяющие репрессивное начало внутренней политики екатерины 2

Answer 1

1) Приняты законодательные акты

2) Разрешение помещикам без суда ссылать крестьян на каторгу

3) Оплата своих расходов крестьянинами

4) Запрет о подаче жалоб крестьянинами на своих помещиков

Answer 2

Factors Determining the Repressive Beginning of Catherine II's Domestic Policy

Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, was the Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. Her reign was marked by significant political and social reforms, but it also had a repressive side. Several factors contributed to the repressive beginning of Catherine II's domestic policy. Let's explore these factors in more detail:

1. Pugachev's Rebellion: One of the major factors that influenced Catherine II's domestic policy was the Pugachev's Rebellion. In 1773, a Cossack named Emelian Pugachev led a widespread peasant uprising against the Russian government. The rebellion posed a significant threat to Catherine's rule, and she responded with a brutal crackdown on the rebels and their supporters.

2. The Influence of Enlightenment Ideas: Catherine II was influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, which emphasized the importance of reason, progress, and individual rights. However, while she embraced some of these ideas, she also used them selectively to justify her autocratic rule. Catherine saw herself as an enlightened despot, believing that she knew what was best for her subjects and that she had the right to impose her will on them.

3. Centralization of Power: Catherine II sought to consolidate and centralize power in Russia. She implemented administrative reforms that strengthened the authority of the central government and reduced the power of the nobility. This centralization of power allowed Catherine to exert greater control over her subjects and suppress dissent.

4. Suppression of Political Opposition: Catherine II was known for her suppression of political opposition. She established a secret police force, the Third Department, to monitor and suppress dissent. Political opponents, including intellectuals and members of the nobility, were often subjected to censorship, exile, or imprisonment.

5. Expansionist Policies: Catherine II pursued an aggressive foreign policy, which required a strong and centralized state. She sought to expand Russia's territory and influence, particularly in Eastern Europe. This expansionist agenda required a repressive domestic policy to maintain control over the diverse population of the Russian Empire.

6. Social Stratification: Catherine II's domestic policy was also influenced by the social stratification of Russian society. The Russian Empire was characterized by a rigid social hierarchy, with the nobility enjoying privileges and power while the majority of the population, including serfs, faced oppression and limited rights. Catherine's policies aimed to maintain the existing social order and protect the interests of the nobility.

In conclusion, the repressive beginning of Catherine II's domestic policy can be attributed to various factors, including the threat posed by Pugachev's Rebellion, the influence of Enlightenment ideas, the centralization of power, the suppression of political opposition, expansionist policies, and the social stratification of Russian society. These factors shaped Catherine's approach to governance and contributed to the repressive aspects of her rule.