Question

Основные идеи просветителей: Джон Локк, Шарля Луи де Секонда и барона де Монтескье, Вольтера, Жан-Жака Руссо, Адама Смита

Answer 1

Джон Локк- все знания берутся из опыта и этим опытом питается разум; создал права человека: на жизнь, свободу и собственность. Шарль Луи де Секонд, барон де Монтескье- указывал, что свобода личности возможна только в таком обществе, где нет злоупотребления властью. Вольтер- борьба против стремления церкви паработить разум человека религиозными учениями; отрицал всякую пользу церковных обрядов; сторонник посвящённой монархии. Жан-Жак Руссо- идеал мыслителя- демократическая республика мелких собственников, где каждая семья производит для себя всё необходимое, где каждый гражданин участвует в принятии законов. Адам Смит- свободный обмен товара, верил в то, что стремление людей улучшить своё материальное положение способно привести общество к благосостоянию. Пожалуйста:3

Answer 2

Main Ideas of Enlightenment Thinkers

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century. It was characterized by a belief in the power of human reason and the advancement of science, as well as a commitment to progress and tolerance. Several key Enlightenment thinkers contributed to shaping the ideas of this period.

John Locke: John Locke was an influential English philosopher known for his ideas on empiricism and social contract theory. He believed that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that government's role is to protect these rights. Locke's ideas greatly influenced the development of liberal democracy and the concept of individual rights.

Baron de Montesquieu: Baron de Montesquieu, a French political philosopher, is best known for his theory of the separation of powers, which greatly influenced the formation of the United States Constitution. He advocated for a system of checks and balances within government to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Voltaire: Voltaire, a French philosopher and writer, was a prominent advocate for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and separation of church and state. He used his wit and satire to criticize the injustices and intolerance of his time, and his ideas greatly influenced the development of modern liberal thought.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a Swiss-French philosopher, is best known for his ideas on the social contract and the general will. He believed that individuals should be governed by the collective will of the people, and that society should be organized to promote the common good and equality.

Adam Smith: Adam Smith, a Scottish economist and philosopher, is often referred to as the "father of modern economics." He is best known for his book "The Wealth of Nations," in which he advocated for free-market capitalism, the division of labor, and the idea that self-interest and competition can lead to economic prosperity.

These Enlightenment thinkers collectively contributed to the development of ideas that emphasized individual rights, the separation of powers, freedom of speech, and the importance of reason and progress in society. Their ideas continue to have a profound impact on modern political and philosophical thought.