Question

4. В Двуречье, как и в Египте: А. был жаркий климат; Б. зимой шли ливневые дожди; В. почва была каменистой и неплодородной; Г. отсутствовали полезные ископаемые.

Answer 1

В. почва была каменистой и неплодородной

Т.к в Двуречье был сухой климат

Answer 2

Climate in Mesopotamia and Egypt

In Mesopotamia and Egypt, the climate was characterized by hot temperatures and dry conditions. The region experienced a hot climate with high temperatures throughout the year [[1]]. Summers were particularly hot, with temperatures often exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) [[2]]. The winters in both regions were relatively mild, with occasional rainfall in the form of torrential downpours [[3]]. These heavy rains were important for agriculture, as they provided water for crops and helped to irrigate the fields [[4]].

Soil and Fertility

The soil in both Mesopotamia and Egypt had certain characteristics. In Mesopotamia, the soil was rocky and infertile due to the region's arid climate and lack of natural irrigation [[5]]. However, the rivers Tigris and Euphrates played a crucial role in agriculture by providing water for irrigation, which helped to overcome the challenges posed by the poor soil quality [[6]]. In Egypt, the soil was more fertile due to the annual flooding of the Nile River, which deposited nutrient-rich silt onto the floodplain. This fertile soil, known as black soil or black land, was ideal for agriculture and contributed to the success of Egyptian civilization [[7]].

Absence of Valuable Minerals

Both Mesopotamia and Egypt lacked significant deposits of valuable minerals. The region did not have abundant natural resources or valuable minerals. Unlike other regions, such as the Indus Valley or the Andes, which were rich in minerals like gold, silver, and copper, Mesopotamia and Egypt did not have access to such resources [[8]].

In summary, Mesopotamia and Egypt shared similar climatic conditions, with hot temperatures and dry climates. While the soil in Mesopotamia was rocky and infertile, the Nile River in Egypt provided fertile soil through annual flooding. Both regions lacked significant deposits of valuable minerals.