Question

Почему в 1566 году нидерландцы подняли восстание против католической церкви и испанцев

Answer 1

Период конца 16-го век - начала 17-го был начальным периодом развития капитализма, а революция в Нидерландах 1566-го года стала её прелюдией. 

Answer 2

1566г-1609г--Революция в Нидерландах.
Нидерланды приносили в казну Священной Римской империии большой доход.(Карл 5 называл Нидерланды,,жемчужиной своей короны'').
Императорская и королевская власть мало заботились об интересах страны. В Нидерландах постоянно расли налоги и это было настоящим бичом для населения страны. Не удивительно что люди в Нидерландах ненавидели испанцев и католическую церковь. Это начало беспокоить испанские власти. При Филиппе 2 ( правившим в 1566г-1598г) в стране установился режим жесточайшей тирании. В стране появилась инквизиция, начались преследования протестантов( их бросали в тюрьмы и пытали). Произвол испанских властей вызвал возмущение народа, дворян и купечества. Кое-где проищошди вооруженные сталкновения и случаи насильственного освобождения протестантов из тюрем. В стране началось восстание.

Answer 3

Background Information

In 1566, the Netherlands experienced a significant uprising against the Catholic Church and the Spanish rule. This event, known as the Dutch Revolt or the Eighty Years' War, marked the beginning of a long struggle for independence by the Dutch against Spanish control. The revolt was driven by a combination of religious, political, and economic factors.

Religious Tensions and the Role of the Catholic Church

One of the main reasons for the uprising was the growing dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church's influence and practices in the Netherlands. During this period, the Catholic Church held significant power and wealth, and its authority was often seen as oppressive by many Dutch citizens. The Catholic Church's efforts to suppress Protestantism and enforce Catholic practices further fueled religious tensions in the region.

Influence of Protestantism

The spread of Protestantism, particularly Calvinism, played a crucial role in the Dutch Revolt. Protestant ideas gained popularity among the Dutch population, who sought religious freedom and a break from the Catholic Church's control. The teachings of prominent Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, resonated with many Dutch citizens and provided a rallying point for opposition to the Catholic Church.

Political and Economic Factors

In addition to religious tensions, political and economic factors also contributed to the Dutch Revolt. The Spanish Empire, under the rule of King Philip II, had control over the Netherlands and imposed heavy taxes on the Dutch population. These taxes, combined with economic hardships and a desire for greater political autonomy, fueled resentment towards Spanish rule.

Iconoclastic Fury and the Outbreak of Violence

The Dutch Revolt began to escalate in 1566 with a series of violent incidents known as the Iconoclastic Fury. Iconoclasts, who opposed the use of religious images and symbols, attacked Catholic churches and destroyed religious artworks. This wave of destruction further heightened tensions between the Catholic Church and the Protestant population.

Response from the Spanish Authorities

The Spanish authorities, led by the Duke of Alba, responded to the uprising with a heavy-handed approach. They sent troops to suppress the rebellion and implemented harsh measures to maintain control. These actions, including the establishment of the Council of Troubles (also known as the "Council of Blood"), further fueled the conflict and solidified the Dutch population's resolve to fight for independence.

Conclusion

In summary, the Dutch Revolt of 1566 was a response to the oppressive rule of the Catholic Church and the Spanish authorities in the Netherlands. Religious tensions, the spread of Protestantism, political and economic grievances, and the violent outbreak of the Iconoclastic Fury all contributed to the uprising. The Dutch Revolt marked the beginning of a long and ultimately successful struggle for independence by the Dutch against Spanish control.