Question

Самураи и янычары были отличными воинами.Но существовали серъёзные различия между ними в их происхождении ,общественом и имущественом положении ,релегиозных верованях,поведении.Охарактеризуйте эти различия

Answer 1

Янычары - вассалы только султана/Осман-паши, нет имущественного и образовательного ценза, происхождение - любое, религия - ислам, нет кодекса.

 

Самураи - могут быть вассалами любого японского феодала, есть образовательный ценз , происхождение - благодное, религия - синтоизм.

Answer 2

Differences between Samurai and Janissaries

Samurai and Janissaries were both renowned warriors in their respective cultures, but there were significant differences between them in terms of their origins, social and economic status, religious beliefs, and behavior. Let's explore these differences in more detail:

1. Origins: - Samurai: Samurai were the military nobility of feudal Japan. They emerged in the 12th century and played a significant role in Japanese society until the 19th century. Samurai were typically born into a samurai family and inherited their status and responsibilities. - Janissaries: Janissaries were an elite infantry unit of the Ottoman Empire. They were initially recruited from Christian boys who were taken from their families as part of the devshirme system. These boys were converted to Islam and trained to become loyal soldiers of the Ottoman Empire.

2. Social and Economic Status: - Samurai: Samurai held a high social status in Japanese society. They were considered the ruling class and enjoyed privileges such as land ownership, tax exemptions, and the right to carry two swords. They were expected to follow a strict code of conduct called Bushido, which emphasized loyalty, honor, and self-discipline. - Janissaries: Janissaries held a unique position in the Ottoman Empire. They were not part of the traditional social hierarchy and were exempt from certain laws and taxes. Janissaries were provided with a salary and had the opportunity to rise through the ranks, gaining more privileges and responsibilities.

3. Religious Beliefs: - Samurai: Samurai followed the teachings of Zen Buddhism, which emphasized meditation, self-discipline, and the pursuit of enlightenment. Zen Buddhism had a significant influence on samurai culture and their approach to warfare. - Janissaries: Janissaries were initially recruited from Christian families but were later required to convert to Islam. As Muslims, they followed the religious practices and beliefs of the Ottoman Empire.

4. Behavior and Conduct: - Samurai: Samurai were expected to adhere to a strict code of conduct known as Bushido. This code emphasized virtues such as loyalty, honor, courage, and self-discipline. Samurai were trained in various martial arts and practiced disciplines such as calligraphy, tea ceremony, and poetry. - Janissaries: Janissaries were known for their discipline and loyalty to the Ottoman Empire. They were highly trained in warfare and were considered an elite fighting force. However, they did not have a specific code of conduct like the samurai.

In summary, while both samurai and Janissaries were skilled warriors, there were significant differences between them in terms of their origins, social and economic status, religious beliefs, and behavior. Samurai were part of the Japanese feudal system, held high social status, followed Zen Buddhism, and adhered to the code of Bushido. Janissaries, on the other hand, were recruited from Christian families, converted to Islam, held a unique position in the Ottoman Empire, and did not have a specific code of conduct like the samurai.