Question

Почему в 5 веке до н.э усилилась мощь Афин по сравнению с другими греческими полисами?

Answer 1

Афинское государство обрело внутреннюю стабильность и выдвинулось в число наиболее сильных полисов в результате хорошо продуманных и последовательно проведённых преобразований. Законодатель - реформатор Солон в 594 г. до н. э. отменил долги и уничтожил долговое рабство. Он же специальным законом ограничил размеры частных земельных владений и тем самым предотвратил исчезновение мелких и средних крестьянских хозяйств, распределил права и обязанности граждан сообразно их имущественному положению, создал суд присяжных. В ходе реформ, проведённых около 508 г. до н. э. Клисфеном, было установлено новое административное деление территории Афинского государства, окончательно уничтожившее прежнее господство родовой знати. Демос получил доступ во все сферы государственного управления. 

Answer 2

The Strengthening of Athens in the 5th Century BCE

In the 5th century BCE, Athens experienced a significant increase in power compared to other Greek city-states. This rise in power can be attributed to several factors:

1. Political Reforms: Athens implemented political reforms that contributed to its growing power. One of the most significant reforms was the establishment of democracy. In 508 BCE, Cleisthenes introduced democratic reforms that gave more power to the common citizens of Athens. This allowed for greater participation in decision-making and created a sense of unity among the Athenian population.

2. Economic Prosperity: Athens benefited from a flourishing economy during this period. The city-state had access to valuable resources, such as silver mines in the nearby region of Laurion. The revenue generated from these mines allowed Athens to invest in its military and infrastructure. Additionally, Athens became a major trading hub, which further boosted its economic power.

3. Naval Supremacy: Athens developed a formidable navy, which played a crucial role in its rise to power. The Athenian navy, known as the "Delian League," was established to protect Greek city-states from Persian invasions. However, over time, Athens gained control over the league and used it to expand its influence and dominance in the Aegean Sea. The naval power of Athens gave it a significant advantage over other city-states, as it could project its power and protect its interests.

4. Cultural and Intellectual Advancements: Athens was renowned for its cultural and intellectual achievements during this period. It was the birthplace of democracy and the center of learning, philosophy, and the arts. Prominent philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle emerged in Athens, contributing to its intellectual prestige. The cultural and intellectual vibrancy of Athens attracted talented individuals from all over Greece, further enhancing its power and influence.

5. Leadership and Military Strategy: Athens had influential leaders and military strategists who played a crucial role in its rise to power. Figures like Pericles, who served as the leading statesman of Athens, implemented policies that strengthened the city-state. Pericles focused on expanding Athens' empire, investing in public works, and promoting the arts and education. His leadership and military strategies contributed to the growth and dominance of Athens.

In conclusion, the strengthening of Athens in the 5th century BCE can be attributed to a combination of political reforms, economic prosperity, naval supremacy, cultural and intellectual advancements, and effective leadership. These factors allowed Athens to surpass other Greek city-states and establish itself as a dominant power in the region.