Question

Крестовые походы. Чем обернулись крестовые походы в страны запада . Ну или итоги походов в стран запада.

Answer 1

Действительные причины восточного направления крестовых походов были иные. Европейцы имели преувеличенное представление о лёгкости завоевания стран Восточного Средиземноморья, раздробленных на ряд феодальных владений — сельджукские эмираты, непрерывно враждовавшие друг с другом (См. главу XXXIV настоящего тома.) . В тяжёлом положении в это время находилась Византия, которую со всех сторон окружали враги, захватывавшие её владения (тюрки-сельджуки, печенеги и сицилийские норманны) (См. главу XXVIII настоящего тома.) . Она была вынуждена обращаться к Западу за помощью. Главное же, в Европе существовало издавна сложившееся убеждение относительно «сказочных» богатств Востока, стоявшего по своей материальной и духовной культуре в то время значительно выше Запада.

Answer 2

The Crusades and their Impact on Western Countries

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by Western European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries. The primary objective of the Crusades was to reclaim the Holy Land, particularly Jerusalem, from Muslim control. However, the Crusades had far-reaching consequences that extended beyond the immediate goal of capturing Jerusalem. Let's explore the impact of the Crusades on the Western countries.

1. Economic Impact: The Crusades had a significant economic impact on the Western countries. The Crusaders' journeys to the Holy Land required extensive resources, including ships, provisions, and weapons. This led to increased trade and economic activity, as merchants and craftsmen supplied the Crusaders with goods and services. The Crusades also opened up new trade routes to the East, which facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas between Europe and the Middle East.

2. Cultural Exchange: The Crusades brought Western Europeans into contact with the advanced civilizations of the Middle East. As a result, there was a significant exchange of knowledge, ideas, and cultural practices. Western Europeans were exposed to the advanced Islamic civilization, which had made significant advancements in areas such as science, medicine, and architecture. This exposure had a profound impact on Western culture, leading to the adoption of new ideas and technologies.

3. Intellectual Awakening: The Crusades played a crucial role in sparking an intellectual awakening in Western Europe. The contact with the Islamic world exposed Western scholars to ancient Greek and Roman texts that had been preserved and translated by Muslim scholars. These texts contained knowledge and ideas that had been lost in Western Europe during the Dark Ages. The rediscovery of these texts led to a revival of learning and the establishment of universities in Western Europe.

4. Political Changes: The Crusades had significant political consequences for the Western countries. The Crusader states established in the Holy Land required a complex system of governance, which influenced the development of political institutions in Europe. The experience of governing these states also led to the emergence of powerful noble families and the consolidation of royal power in Western Europe. Additionally, the Crusades weakened the power of the Byzantine Empire, opening the door for the expansion of Western European powers in the Eastern Mediterranean.

5. Religious Intolerance: One of the negative consequences of the Crusades was the rise of religious intolerance in Western Europe. The Crusades were fueled by religious fervor and a belief in the superiority of Christianity over Islam. This led to the demonization and persecution of Jews, Muslims, and other non-Christians in Western Europe. The Crusades contributed to the growth of anti-Semitism and the marginalization of religious minorities.

In conclusion, the Crusades had a profound impact on the Western countries. They brought economic prosperity, cultural exchange, intellectual awakening, and political changes. However, they also led to religious intolerance and persecution. The Crusades shaped the course of Western history and left a lasting legacy on the development of Western civilization