Question

Какие факторы способствовали объединению русских земель вокруг Москвы: а) общность хозяйственной жизни отдельных территорий;б) процветающие города и торговые связи;в) необходимость борьбы за независимость.

Answer 1

 необходимость борьбы   за независимость

Answer 2

Factors that contributed to the unification of Russian lands around Moscow:

a) Commonality of economic life in different territories: One factor that contributed to the unification of Russian lands around Moscow was the commonality of economic life in different territories. This included shared agricultural practices, trade routes, and economic interdependence.

b) Prosperous cities and trade connections: Another factor was the presence of prosperous cities and strong trade connections. Moscow, as a major trading center, attracted merchants and craftsmen from various regions, leading to economic growth and the consolidation of power.

c) The need to fight for independence: The struggle for independence also played a role in the unification of Russian lands around Moscow. As neighboring territories faced external threats, they sought protection and unity under the leadership of Moscow.

These factors, along with others, contributed to the gradual consolidation of power and the formation of a centralized Russian state centered around Moscow.