Question

Чем отличается нэп от коллективизации?

Answer 1

Коллективизация - преобразование мелких индивидуальных крестьянских хозяйств в крупные колхозы.
НЭП - политика, связанная с отменой "военного коммунизма". Поиск путей выхода страны из кризиса и строительство социализма.

У меня так записано в тетради

Answer 2

Difference Between NEP and Collectivization

The New Economic Policy (NEP) and collectivization were two significant economic policies implemented in the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin, each with distinct characteristics and impacts.

New Economic Policy (NEP): The NEP was introduced by Lenin in 1921 as a temporary retreat from full socialism to stabilize the economy after the Russian Civil War. It allowed for limited private enterprise and foreign investment, aiming to revive the economy and alleviate the widespread famine and economic crisis.

The key features of the NEP included the following: - Private Enterprise: Under the NEP, small businesses, trade, and agriculture were allowed to operate privately. - Market Mechanisms: The NEP reintroduced market mechanisms, such as supply and demand, and allowed for some level of free trade. - Limited State Control: While the state retained control over large industries and financial institutions, small-scale private businesses were permitted to operate.

The NEP led to a period of relative economic stability and recovery, with increased agricultural and industrial production.

Collectivization: In contrast, collectivization, primarily associated with Stalin's rule, aimed to transform agriculture from individual smallholdings to collective farms under state control. It was part of the broader policy of rapid industrialization and central planning.

The main features of collectivization included: - Forced Farm Collectivization: The government forcibly consolidated individual farms into collective farms, aiming to increase agricultural productivity and control. - State Control: The state exerted significant control over agricultural production, distribution, and pricing. - Resistance and Coercion: Collectivization faced resistance from many peasants, leading to widespread coercion, confiscation of grain, and violent repression.

Collectivization resulted in significant social upheaval, widespread famine, and a drastic transformation of the agricultural sector, with long-term consequences for Soviet agriculture.

In summary, the NEP allowed for limited private enterprise and market mechanisms, while collectivization involved the forced consolidation of agriculture under state control, leading to significant social and economic consequences.