Question

В середине 1550 между Иваном 4 и членами избранной рады возникли противоречия по вопросам внешней политики. приведите обоснование мнению избранной рады о приоритете южного направления внешней политики

Answer 1

1) хотя Волга стала русской рекой, тем не менее приходилось ратным людям выходить на так называемую "береговую службу", т.е держать войска на берегу Оки для охраны от крымских татар.

2) приходилось строить засечные линии, которые требовали колоссальных сил и средств.

3) набеги крымских татар были частыми и разорительными.

4) Османская империя в это время была занята завоеванием стран Центральной Европы

Вывод: все это вместе делало южное направление внешней политики России  более актуальным и привлекательным в глазах членов Избранной рады.

Answer 2

Background Information

In the mid-1550s, there were disagreements between Ivan IV (also known as Ivan the Terrible) and the members of the elected council (known as the Zemsky Sobor) regarding foreign policy matters. The Zemsky Sobor advocated for prioritizing the southern direction in foreign policy.

The Zemsky Sobor's View on the Priority of the Southern Direction in Foreign Policy

The Zemsky Sobor believed that prioritizing the southern direction in foreign policy was essential for several reasons. Here is an elaboration on their viewpoint:

1. Trade and Economic Interests: The Zemsky Sobor likely argued that the southern direction offered significant trade and economic opportunities for Russia. This region was strategically located along important trade routes, such as the Silk Road, which facilitated commerce and cultural exchange between Europe and Asia. By focusing on the southern direction, Russia could enhance its economic prosperity and strengthen its position in the global trade network.

2. Expansion and Access to Warm-Water Ports: The Zemsky Sobor may have emphasized the importance of expanding Russian territories in the south to gain access to warm-water ports. Warm-water ports are crucial for maritime trade and naval power projection. By prioritizing the southern direction, Russia could secure access to ports on the Black Sea and potentially expand its influence in the Mediterranean region. This would provide Russia with greater opportunities for trade, military presence, and geopolitical influence.

3. Security and Defense: The Zemsky Sobor might have argued that focusing on the southern direction would enhance Russia's security and defense capabilities. The southern regions were vulnerable to external threats, including the Ottoman Empire, Crimean Khanate, and other regional powers. By prioritizing the southern direction, Russia could strengthen its military presence and establish defensive alliances to protect its borders and interests.

4. Political and Religious Factors: The Zemsky Sobor may have considered political and religious factors in their argument. The southern direction was home to various ethnic and religious groups, including Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and others. By prioritizing this region, Russia could assert its influence and protect the interests of Orthodox Christians in areas under Ottoman control. This would align with Ivan IV's vision of Russia as the protector of Orthodox Christianity.

It is important to note that the specific details and justifications for the Zemsky Sobor's viewpoint on the priority of the southern direction in foreign policy during the mid-1550s may require further historical research and analysis. The provided search snippets do not offer specific information on this topic.

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