Question

Используйте материал учебника и дополнительные источники перечислите основные вехи политической биографии м.м. сперанского в 1801-1812чем можно объяснить успех его политической карьеры

Answer 1

Сын сельского священника М.М. Сперанский после окончания Духовной академии в Санкт-Петербурге, он некоторое время работал учителем, а затем секретарём у князя Куракина А.Б., а когда Куракина назначили генерал-прокурором в Сенате, Сперанский стал чиновником в Сенате при Куракине. Он зарекомендовал себя очень способным и незаменимым человеком не только при Павле I, но и во время правления Александра I. Члены Негласного комитета поручали Сперанскому обобщение материалов своих обсуждений, а затем стали поручать ему составление проектов по заданным ими темам. В 1803-1807 гг.он занимал пост директора департамента Министерства иностранных дел. Александр I симпатизировал ему еще и потому, что Сперанский не выступал против Тильзитского мира, заключенного в 1807 г. и не очень популярного в народе.

Answer 2

Main Milestones in the Political Biography of M.M. Speransky (1801-1812) and Factors Explaining His Political Success

Mikhail Mikhailovich Speransky was a prominent Russian statesman and reformer who played a significant role in the political landscape of Russia during the early 19th century. His political career spanned from 1801 to 1812, and he achieved considerable success during this period. Let's explore the main milestones in Speransky's political biography and the factors that contributed to his success.

1. Early Career and Rise to Prominence

- Speransky was born on January 12, 1772, in St. Petersburg, Russia. - In 1797, he joined the Ministry of Justice and quickly gained recognition for his legal expertise and administrative skills. - In 1801, Speransky caught the attention of Tsar Alexander I, who appointed him as his private secretary. This marked the beginning of his close association with the Tsar and his rise to prominence in Russian politics.

2. Role in the Legislative Reforms

- Speransky played a crucial role in the legislative reforms initiated by Tsar Alexander I. He was instrumental in drafting and implementing several important laws and regulations. - In 1802, Speransky was appointed as the Secretary of State and became the chief architect of the new legal system in Russia. - He worked on the codification of laws, including the Civil Code, the Criminal Code, and the Commercial Code, which aimed to modernize and streamline the legal framework of the country.

3. Influence on Administrative Reforms

- Speransky's administrative reforms aimed to centralize power and streamline the bureaucracy in Russia. - He proposed the establishment of ministries to replace the existing government departments, which led to the creation of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Internal Affairs. - Speransky also advocated for the introduction of merit-based appointments and the professionalization of the civil service, which helped to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the government.

4. Role in Foreign Policy

- Speransky played a significant role in shaping Russia's foreign policy during this period. - He was involved in the negotiations and treaties that expanded Russia's influence and territorial boundaries. For example, he participated in the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, which marked a significant shift in Russia's relations with France and Prussia. - Speransky's diplomatic skills and understanding of international affairs contributed to Russia's successful foreign policy initiatives.

Factors Explaining Speransky's Political Success

Several factors contributed to Mikhail Speransky's political success during the period from 1801 to 1812:

1. Close association with Tsar Alexander I: Speransky's appointment as the Tsar's private secretary provided him with direct access to the highest levels of power and influence in Russia. His close relationship with the Tsar allowed him to implement his reforms and gain support for his ideas.

2. Intellectual and administrative abilities: Speransky was known for his exceptional intellect, legal expertise, and administrative skills. His ability to draft comprehensive laws and propose effective reforms earned him respect and recognition among his peers and superiors.

3. Reformist agenda: Speransky's vision for modernizing Russia's legal and administrative systems resonated with the progressive ideas of the time. His reforms aimed to centralize power, streamline bureaucracy, and introduce merit-based appointments, which appealed to those seeking change and improvement in the country.

4. Support from influential figures: Speransky had the support of influential figures within the Russian government, including Tsar Alexander I. Their backing helped him overcome resistance and opposition to his reforms, allowing him to implement his agenda more effectively.

5. Diplomatic skills: Speransky's involvement in foreign policy negotiations and treaties showcased his diplomatic skills and understanding of international affairs. His contributions to Russia's foreign policy successes further enhanced his reputation and political standing.

In conclusion, Mikhail Speransky's political success from 1801 to 1812 can be attributed to his early career achievements, his role in legislative and administrative reforms, his influence on foreign policy, and various factors such as his close association with Tsar Alexander I, his intellectual and administrative abilities, his reformist agenda, support from influential figures, and his diplomatic skills. These factors combined to make Speransky a prominent and influential figure in Russian politics during this period.

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