Question

Как понять смысл этих слов "Братья Кирилл и Мефодий создали славянский алфавит,тем самым открыли путь к мировой культуре и самостоятельному творчеству славян на родных языках". и ответьте на вопросы 1)Объясните,в чём выразился расцвет Древней Руси к началу 12 века. 2)составьте план на тему "Письменные памятники киевской Руси".

Answer 1

Я думаю что смысл этиз слов в том, что кирилл и мефодий когда создали алфавит они открыли культуру, люди могли бы правильно прогаваривать буквы, и тем людям которые плозо знают буквы то с помощью алфавита они смогли бы его выучить.

Answer 2

Understanding the Meaning of the Statement

The statement "Братья Кирилл и Мефодий создали славянский алфавит, тем самым открыли путь к мировой культуре и самостоятельному творчеству славян на родных языках" translates to "Brothers Cyril and Methodius created the Slavic alphabet, thereby opening the path to global culture and independent creativity for Slavic people in their native languages."

This statement highlights the significant contribution of Cyril and Methodius, two Byzantine Greek brothers, to the development of the Slavic alphabet. They are credited with creating the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets, which played a crucial role in the cultural and literary development of Slavic nations. By providing a written form for Slavic languages, Cyril and Methodius enabled Slavic people to express themselves, preserve their cultural heritage, and engage in independent creative endeavors.

The Flourishing of Ancient Rus by the Early 12th Century

1) The flourishing of Ancient Rus by the early 12th century can be attributed to several factors. Here is an explanation of some key aspects:

a) Political Stability and Centralization: By the beginning of the 12th century, Ancient Rus experienced a period of relative political stability and centralization. This stability was primarily achieved under the rule of the Grand Princes of Kiev, who managed to consolidate their power and establish a more unified state. This centralization allowed for more effective governance, economic development, and cultural growth.

b) Economic Prosperity: The flourishing of Ancient Rus was closely tied to its economic prosperity. The region benefited from extensive trade networks, both within the boundaries of Rus and with neighboring regions such as Byzantium and the Islamic world. Trade routes, such as the Volga trade route and the Dnieper trade route, facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural influences. The wealth generated from trade contributed to the growth of cities, the development of crafts and industries, and the patronage of arts and culture.

c) Cultural and Intellectual Advancements: The early 12th century witnessed significant cultural and intellectual advancements in Ancient Rus. This period saw the rise of a vibrant literary and artistic culture, with the emergence of notable works of literature, architecture, and iconography. The spread of Christianity also played a crucial role in shaping the cultural landscape of Ancient Rus, with the construction of magnificent churches and monasteries.

d) Expansion and Influence: Ancient Rus expanded its influence and control over neighboring territories during this period. The Grand Princes of Kiev extended their authority over other principalities, fostering a sense of unity and shared identity among the Slavic population. This expansion allowed for the assimilation of diverse cultural and ethnic groups, contributing to the richness and diversity of Ancient Rus.

It is important to note that the flourishing of Ancient Rus was not without challenges and conflicts. The region faced external threats, such as invasions by nomadic tribes, as well as internal power struggles and rivalries among the ruling elite. However, despite these challenges, the early 12th century marked a period of remarkable growth and cultural achievement for Ancient Rus.

Plan on the Topic "Письменные памятники киевской Руси" (Written Monuments of Kiev Rus)

A plan on the topic "Письменные памятники киевской Руси" (Written Monuments of Kiev Rus) could include the following points:

1) Introduction - Briefly introduce the topic of written monuments of Kiev Rus. - Highlight the significance of written sources in understanding the history, culture, and language of Kiev Rus.

2) Definition and Types of Written Monuments - Define written monuments as historical documents or artifacts that provide written evidence of the past. - Discuss the different types of written monuments found in Kiev Rus, such as chronicles, legal codes, religious texts, letters, and inscriptions.

3) Importance and Value of Written Monuments - Explain the importance of written monuments in reconstructing the history and culture of Kiev Rus. - Discuss how written monuments provide insights into political, social, economic, and religious aspects of Kiev Rus society. - Highlight the role of written monuments in preserving the Old East Slavic language and its evolution into modern Slavic languages.

4) Notable Written Monuments of Kiev Rus - Provide examples of significant written monuments from Kiev Rus, such as the Primary Chronicle (Повесть временных лет), the Legal Code of Yaroslav the Wise (Русская Правда), and religious texts like the Kiev Pechersk Lavra manuscripts. - Discuss the historical context, content, and importance of each selected written monument.

5) Preservation and Study of Written Monuments - Explain the challenges and methods involved in preserving and studying written monuments. - Discuss the role of scholars, historians, and linguists in deciphering and interpreting ancient texts. - Highlight the use of modern technologies, such as digitization and linguistic analysis, in the study of written monuments.

6) Conclusion - Summarize the significance of written monuments in understanding the history and culture of Kiev Rus. - Emphasize the need for continued preservation, research, and public awareness of these valuable historical sources.

Note: The plan provided above is a general outline and can be expanded or modified based on the specific requirements and scope of the topic.