Question

Как вавилонские судья решали виновен ли обвиняемый если не было свидетелей предступления

Answer 1

Они бросали преступника в реку если не выплывал его забрал Бог воды, если выплывал он не преступник

Answer 2

How did Babylonian judges determine guilt if there were no witnesses to the crime?

In ancient Babylon, the legal system was based on a set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was a comprehensive set of laws that covered various aspects of life, including criminal offenses and their punishments. When it came to determining guilt in cases where there were no witnesses to the crime, Babylonian judges relied on a variety of methods to establish the truth.

One method used by Babylonian judges was the use of oaths. The accused and the accuser would both take oaths, and the judge would determine the credibility of their statements based on their reputation and the seriousness of the crime. If the accused took an oath of innocence and the judge found them to be credible, they would be declared innocent. However, if the judge found the accused to be unreliable or suspicious, they would be declared guilty.

Another method used by Babylonian judges was the use of ordeals. Ordeals were physical tests or rituals that were believed to determine guilt or innocence. For example, the accused might be required to plunge their hand into boiling water or carry a red-hot iron bar a certain distance. If the accused suffered no harm or showed signs of healing quickly, it was believed to be a sign of innocence. However, if the accused suffered harm or took a long time to heal, it was seen as a sign of guilt.

In cases where there were no witnesses or conclusive evidence, Babylonian judges also relied on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of character witnesses. They would consider factors such as motive, opportunity, and the accused's reputation in the community. Character witnesses would testify about the accused's character and behavior, which would be taken into account when determining guilt or innocence.

It is important to note that the Babylonian legal system was complex and varied over time. Different judges may have had different approaches to determining guilt in cases without witnesses. Additionally, the Code of Hammurabi was not the only legal code used in ancient Babylon, and other legal codes may have had different methods for determining guilt.

In summary, Babylonian judges determined guilt in cases without witnesses by relying on methods such as oaths, ordeals, circumstantial evidence, and character witnesses. These methods were used to assess the credibility of the accused and establish the truth in the absence of direct evidence.