Question

Доклад о армии в середине 17 века в России (10-15) предложений

Answer 1

Необходимость переустройства военных сил России на новых началах остро ощущалась уже в первой половине XVII в. Готовясь к войне за Смоленск, правительство закупило в Швеции и Голландии оружие, наняло иноземных ратных людей и приступило к формированию русских полков «нового (иноземного) строя» — солдатских, рейтарских и драгунских. Обучение этих полков производилось на основе передового военного искусства тогдашнего времени. Полки комплектовались сначала из «вольных охочих людей», а затем из числа «даточных людей», набираемых с определенного количества крестьянских и посадских дворов. Пожизненная служба даточных людей, введение единообразного вооружения в виде более легких, чем пищали, мушкетов и карабинов с кремневым замком придавали полкам нового, строя некоторые черты регулярной армии.

За счет увеличения денежных поступлений неуклонно повышались расходы на содержание армии.

Answer 2

Army in Russia in the Mid-17th Century

In the mid-17th century, the Russian army underwent significant changes and developments. Here are some key points about the army during this period:

1. Organization and Structure: The Russian army in the mid-17th century was organized into several units, including streltsy regiments, cavalry regiments, and artillery units. The streltsy were the backbone of the army and served as infantry soldiers. They were organized into regiments and were responsible for maintaining internal security and defending the state.

2. Streltsy: The streltsy were professional soldiers who were primarily recruited from the urban population, particularly from Moscow. They were known for their distinctive firearms, which included muskets and arquebuses. The streltsy regiments played a crucial role in defending the Russian state and were often involved in military campaigns.

3. Cavalry: The Russian cavalry in the mid-17th century consisted of various types of units, including dragoons, hussars, and Cossack cavalry. The cavalry played a significant role in both offensive and defensive operations. They were known for their mobility and were often used for reconnaissance, raiding, and pursuing retreating enemy forces.

4. Artillery: The Russian army also had artillery units equipped with cannons and other artillery pieces. Artillery played a crucial role in siege warfare and in supporting infantry and cavalry units during battles. The development of artillery technology and tactics during this period contributed to the effectiveness of the Russian army.

5. Military Reforms: During the mid-17th century, Russia underwent military reforms under the leadership of Tsar Alexis I. These reforms aimed to modernize and strengthen the army. The reforms included the establishment of a regular standing army, the introduction of new weapons and tactics, and the improvement of military training and discipline.

6. Role in Wars and Conflicts: The Russian army of the mid-17th century was involved in several wars and conflicts. One notable conflict was the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667), which was fought between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Russian army played a crucial role in defending Russian territories and expanding Russian influence.

7. Influence of Western European Military Practices: During this period, the Russian army was influenced by Western European military practices. Russian military leaders and officers studied and adopted tactics, strategies, and organizational structures from Western European armies. This influence contributed to the modernization and professionalization of the Russian army.

8. Challenges and Limitations: Despite the reforms and developments, the Russian army of the mid-17th century faced various challenges and limitations. These included limited resources, logistical difficulties, and the need to balance the demands of defending the state with the need for territorial expansion.

Overall, the mid-17th century was a period of significant changes and developments in the Russian army. The reforms and modernization efforts undertaken during this time laid the foundation for the future growth and expansion of the Russian military.